Oxidative stress and inflammation have long been considered to be responsible for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. On the other hand, rhaponticin (RN) has received scientific attention due to its various pharmacological properties. Keeping all these in view, the present study was performed to investigate the potential protective effects of RN on the retina in diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group rats, diabetic group rats, diabetic + RN (20 mg/kg body weight for 28 days through oral route) group rats. RN supplementation to diabetic rats significantly prevent the reduction of final body weight loss, reduced weekly fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels with a significant increase in serum insulin levels. quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis found upregulation of Nrf2, NQO‐1, HO‐1 and upregulation of Keap1 genes and protein distribution along with significantly reduced levels of malondialdehyde and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in RN‐treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic rats. Furthermore, treatment of diabetic rats with RN showed downregulated expression of tumour necrosis factor‐α, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and upregulated expression of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and TIMP‐1 in the retina. RN treatment decreased nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells distribution and increased IL‐10 protein distribution in the retinae of diabetic rats. In addition, RN treatment ameliorated morphological changes observed in retinae of diabetic rats. Altogether, these results provided clear evidence that treatment of diabetic rats with RN attenuated diabetic retinal changes through its hypoglycaemic, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects.

中文翻译：

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Raponticin通过NRF2 / HO-1 /NF-κB信号传导对糖尿病视网膜氧化应激和炎症的影响。

长期以来，氧化应激和炎症被认为是糖尿病性视网膜病的发生和发展的原因。另一方面，Rhapponticin（RN）由于其各种药理特性而受到了科学关注。考虑到所有这些，进行本研究以研究RN对糖尿病大鼠视网膜的潜在保护作用。将大鼠随机分为三组：对照组大鼠，糖尿病组大鼠，糖尿病+ RN（口服途径20天，体重20mg / kg体重）组大鼠。向糖尿病大鼠补充RN可以显着预防最终体重减轻的减少，每周空腹血糖水平和HbA1c水平的降低，同时血清胰岛素水平也可以显着提高。定量聚合酶链反应和免疫组织化学分析发现，RN处理的糖尿病患者中Nrf2，NQO-1，HO-1的上调以及Keap1基因和蛋白质分布的上调以及丙二醛水平的显着降低和超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性增加与糖尿病大鼠相比。此外，糖尿病RN的糖尿病大鼠的视网膜中肿瘤坏死因子-α，基质金属蛋白酶-2的表达下调，白介素10（IL-10）和TIMP-1的表达上调。RN治疗降低了糖尿病大鼠视网膜中活化的B细胞分布的核因子κ轻链增强子，并增加了IL-10蛋白的分布。另外，RN治疗改善了在糖尿病大鼠视网膜中观察到的形态学变化。