Abstract

Sadness is divided into two subtypes, namely loss and failure sadness, which are encoded by different concepts of one’s mind. However, it is unclear how such a conceptual difference is supported by neurophysiological foundations. In the present study, we conducted an electroencephalogram experiment for processing congruency between loss- and failure-sadness contexts and emotional words. Electroencephalogram recordings were performed for 23 participants, using a picture-word priming paradigm without explicit congruency judgment. One of the three types of emotional pictures (loss, failure, or neutral picture as the baseline) preceded emotional target words with high, middle, or low fitting properties for sadness contexts in each trial. No significant word-onset event-related potential effects were observed. Upon word-offset event-related potential effects, middle-phase negative potentials around 400 ms for high-fitting words, increased in the failure prime-target context but not in the loss context, compared to the neutral context. Additionally, the negative potentials increased as the failure-sadness intensity decreased, which indicated contextual conflict between prime pictures and target words. In contrast, the corresponding negative potentials for the loss context increased as the loss-sadness intensity increased, which indicated congruency effects under sadness bias. In later latency, after around 400 ms, the slow negative event-related potential effects appeared similar for both the loss and failure contexts. These results suggest that loss and failure sadness are differently represented in the mind, and are founded on the middle-phase neurophysiological processing.

摘要

悲伤分为损失悲伤和失败悲伤两种亚型，它们是由不同的思想概念编码的。然而，尚不清楚神经生理学基础如何支持这种概念差异。在本研究中，我们进行了脑电图实验，以处理损失和失败悲伤上下文与情感词之间的一致性。对 23 名参与者进行脑电图记录，使用图片词启动范式，没有明确的一致性判断。在每次试验中，三种类型的情绪图片（损失、失败或中性图片作为基线）中的一种在情绪目标词之前具有高、中或低拟合属性的悲伤上下文。没有观察到与单词发作事件相关的显着潜在影响。在词偏移事件相关的潜在影响下，与中性上下文相比，高拟合词的中间阶段负电位在 400 毫秒左右，在失败的主要目标上下文中增加，但在损失上下文中没有增加。此外，随着失败-悲伤强度的降低，负电位增加，这表明主要图片和目标词之间存在上下文冲突。相反，随着损失-悲伤强度的增加，损失上下文的相应负电位增加，这表明悲伤偏差下的一致性效应。在稍后的延迟中，大约 400 毫秒后，与损失和失败上下文相关的缓慢负面事件相关的潜在影响似乎相似。这些结果表明，损失和失败的悲伤在头脑中的表现方式不同，