Abstract MicroRNAs are considered as potential biomarkers, agents, or therapeutic targets; few studies have addressed the expression of miRNAs in treatment-naïve patients infected with HIV-1. The aim of this study was to assess plasma relative circulating miRNA expression profiles in treatment-naïve Mexican patients with HIV/AIDS and healthy individuals using a commercial array. A low CD4+ T cell count and high viral load were found in all patients. Decreased relative miRNA-296-5p expression was observed in patients; moreover, this was the only miRNA that showed differences between the two groups. Thus, we measured the absolute expression of miR-296-5p by qPCR, confirming the result with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There is evidence that miR-296-5p regulates the expression of the PIN1 gene, which encodes the peptidylprolyl Cis/Trans isomerase NIMA-Interacting-1, that is involved in different stages of the biological cycle of HIV-1, this relationship is corroborated by bioinformatics analysis and ELISA assay was used to measure plasma levels of PIN1. The decreased expression of miR-296-5p found in naïve patients with HIV infection suggests a regulatory activity of this miRNA on virus replication, making it a potential therapeutic agent against HIV. Finally, miR-296-5p could be inhibiting the virus transcription by regulating genes different than PIN1.

中文翻译：

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MicroRNA-296-5p 在感染和未感染 HIV-1 的个体中差异表达

摘要 MicroRNA 被认为是潜在的生物标志物、药物或治疗靶点；很少有研究涉及 miRNA 在感染 HIV-1 的初治患者中的表达。本研究的目的是使用商业阵列评估未经治疗的墨西哥 HIV/AIDS 患者和健康个体的血浆相对循环 miRNA 表达谱。在所有患者中都发现了低 CD4+ T 细胞计数和高病毒载量。在患者中观察到相对 miRNA-296-5p 表达降低；此外，这是唯一显示两组差异的 miRNA。因此，我们通过 qPCR 测量了 miR-296-5p 的绝对表达，证实了具有统计学显着差异的结果（P < 0.05）。有证据表明 miR-296-5p 调节 PIN1 基因的表达，编码肽基脯氨酰顺式/反式异构酶 NIMA-Interacting-1，参与 HIV-1 生物周期的不同阶段，生物信息学分析证实了这种关系，ELISA 测定用于测量血浆 PIN1 水平。在未感染 HIV 的患者中发现的 miR-296-5p 表达降低表明该 miRNA 对病毒复制具有调节活性，使其成为抗 HIV 的潜在治疗剂。最后，miR-296-5p 可以通过调节不同于 PIN1 的基因来抑制病毒转录。在未感染 HIV 的患者中发现的 miR-296-5p 表达降低表明该 miRNA 对病毒复制具有调节活性，使其成为抗 HIV 的潜在治疗剂。最后，miR-296-5p 可以通过调节不同于 PIN1 的基因来抑制病毒转录。在未感染 HIV 的患者中发现的 miR-296-5p 表达降低表明该 miRNA 对病毒复制具有调节活性，使其成为抗 HIV 的潜在治疗剂。最后，miR-296-5p 可以通过调节不同于 PIN1 的基因来抑制病毒转录。