The evolution and diversification of ssRNA plant viruses are often examined under reductionist conditions that ignore potentially much wider biotic interactions. The host range of a plant virus is central to interactions at higher levels that are organised by both fitness and ecological criteria. Here we employ a strategy to minimise sampling biases across distinct plant communities, and combine it with a high throughput sequencing approach to examine the influence of four habitats on the evolution of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Local, regional, and global levels of genetic diversity that correspond to spatial and temporal extents, are used to infer haplotype relationships using network and phylogenetic approaches. We find that the incidence and genetic diversity of WMV were structured significantly by host species and habitat type. A single haplotype that infected 11 host species of a total of 24, showed that few constraints on host species use exist in the crop communities. When the evolution of WMV was examined at broader levels of organisation, we found variation in genetic diversity and contrasting host use footprints that broadly corresponded to habitat effects. The findings demonstrated that non-deterministic ecological factors structured the genetic diversity of WMV. Habitat-driven constraints underlie host use preferences.

中文翻译：

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生态拟合是宿主范围广泛的植物病毒多样化的先行者

ssRNA 植物病毒的进化和多样化通常在还原论条件下进行检查，这些条件忽略了可能更广泛的生物相互作用。植物病毒的宿主范围是由适应度和生态标准组织的更高水平相互作用的核心。在这里，我们采用一种策略来最大限度地减少不同植物群落的采样偏差，并将其与高通量测序方法相结合，以检查四种栖息地对西瓜花叶病毒 (WMV) 进化的影响。与空间和时间范围相对应的局部、区域和全球遗传多样性水平用于使用网络和系统发育方法推断单倍型关系。我们发现 WMV 的发生率和遗传多样性受宿主物种和栖息地类型的显着影响。一个单一的单倍型感染了总共 24 个宿主物种中的 11 个，表明​​作物群落中几乎没有对宿主物种使用的限制。当在更广泛的组织水平上检查 WMV 的进化时，我们发现遗传多样性和对比宿主使用足迹的变化，这些足迹大致对应于栖息地影响。研究结果表明，非确定性生态因素构成了 WMV 的遗传多样性。栖息地驱动的限制是寄主使用偏好的基础。研究结果表明，非确定性生态因素构成了 WMV 的遗传多样性。栖息地驱动的限制是寄主使用偏好的基础。研究结果表明，非确定性生态因素构成了 WMV 的遗传多样性。栖息地驱动的限制是寄主使用偏好的基础。