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Editorial: Sustainability and bioethics: where we have been, where we are, where we are going
The New Bioethics Pub Date : 2020-04-02 , DOI: 10.1080/20502877.2020.1767920
Cristina Richie 1
Affiliation  

Bioethics, as we are too infrequently reminded, was originally an ethical system concerned with the ‘problems of interference with other living beings... and generally everything related to the balance of the ecosystem’ according to the 1978 Encyclopedia of Bioethics (Reich 1978). This definition was predicated on the work of two men – Frtiz Jahr in Germany – and Van Rensselaer Potter in the United States. In 1927, German minister Fritz Jahr described bio-ethics (German: bio-ethik) as ‘the assumption of moral obligations not only towards humans, but towards all forms of life’ (Jahr and Sass 2010). Jahr drew on Rudolf Eisler’s Bio-Psychik, which was ‘the science of the soul of all, what lives’ to underpin his philosophy of bio-ethics and ultimately promoted a Western, deontological articulation of bioethics, rather than an Eastern, consequentialist bioethic. Jahr summarizes his philosophy by declaring, ‘Respect every living being on principle as an end in itself and treat it, if possible, as such!’Almost half a century later, the term ‘bioethics’ appeared in English. In 1971, Van Rensselaer Potter advanced the term bioethic as a way to describe ‘a global perspective with an ecological focus on how we as humans will guide our adaptations to our environment’ (Potter 1971). This life (bios) ethic emerged from a tangible need to evaluate the actions of humans in an industrialized society struggling within a precarious ecosystem. Trained as an oncologist, Potter was particularly sensitive to the connections between health and habitat. Thus, he conceptualized a humanistic ethical system rooted in an intrinsically practical approach to sustainable life, inclusive of the earth and other organisms (Potter 1988). The bios in bioethics is inextricably connected to conservation and medicine. the new bioethics, Vol. 26 No. 2, 2020, 82–90

中文翻译:

社论:可持续性和生物伦理:我们去过哪里,我们现在在哪里,我们要去哪里

正如我们很少经常提醒的那样,生物伦理学最初是一个涉及“干扰其他生物的问题……通常与一切与生态系统平衡有关的问题”的伦理体系,根据1978年《生物伦理学百科全书》(Reich 1978) 。此定义基于两个人的工作-德国的Frtiz Jahr和美国的Van Rensselaer Potter。1927年,德国部长弗里茨·贾尔(Fritz Jahr)将生物伦理学(德语:bio-ethik)描述为“不仅对人类而且对所有生命形式都承担道德义务的假设”(Jahr和Sass,2010年)。贾尔借鉴了鲁道夫·埃斯勒(Rudolf Eisler)的《生物心理学》(Bio-Psychik),这是“所有人的灵魂,生命的科学”,以支持他的生物伦理学哲学,并最终促进了西方对生物伦理​​学的道义化阐述,而不是东方的,结果生物伦理学。Jahr总结了自己的哲学,他宣称:“尊重原则上的每个生命本身,并尽可能地对待它!”大约半个世纪后,“生物伦理学”一词在英语中出现。1971年,范·伦斯勒·波特(Van Rensselaer Potter)提出了“生物伦理学”一词,以描述“以生态学为重点的全球视角,即我们将如何指导人类适应环境”(Potter,1971年)。这种生命(生物)伦理源自对评估在不稳定生态系统中挣扎的工业化社会中人类行为的有形需求。受过肿瘤医师培训的波特对健康与生境之间的联系特别敏感。因此,他将以人为本的道德体系概念化,植根于对可持续生活的内在实践方法中,包括地球和其他生物(Potter 1988)。生物伦理学中的生物与保护和医学有着千丝万缕的联系。新的生物伦理学,卷。26 2020年第2号,第82–90页
更新日期:2020-04-02
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