Racial socialization is a culturally relevant parenting strategy known to combat the detrimental consequences of racial discrimination for African American youth. Three limitations hinder our developmental understanding of the racial socialization process. Few studies have accounted for the combination of messages that primary caregivers convey, examined how these messages change over time, or investigated how caregivers and adolescents experiences with racial discrimination predict change in the combination of messages conveyed. Given that African American mothers are often the primary socializers in families, the current study used data from a community sample of 497 African American adolescents (52% Female; Time 1 Mage = 15.69; Time 2 Mage = 18.74) and their mothers (Time 1 Mage = 40.43; Time 2 Mage = 43.39) to identify patterns in mothers' racial socialization messages, identify how mothers' racial socialization patterns change from middle to late adolescence, and investigate whether mother- and adolescent-reported racial discrimination contribute to changes in mothers' racial socialization patterns. Latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis were used to examine these questions. Findings revealed three racial socialization patterns: balanced socializers who mistrust, cultural socialization and preparation for bias emphasizers, and low racial socializers. Most mothers were in the low racial socializers group, and most provided similar messages in middle and late adolescence. Mothers' reports of their own racial discrimination influenced the racial socialization messages mothers delivered; however, adolescent-reported racial discrimination did not. These results have implications for community-based interventions designed to help families manage racial discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

检查青春期非裔美国母亲种族社会化模式的变化：种族歧视作为预测因素。

种族社会化是一种与文化相关的育儿策略，以对抗种族歧视对非裔美国青年的不利后果而闻名。三个限制阻碍了我们对种族社会化过程的发展性理解。很少有研究考虑主要照顾者传达的信息组合，检查这些信息如何随时间变化，或调查照顾者和青少年遭受种族歧视的经历如何预测所传达信息组合的变化。鉴于非裔美国母亲通常是家庭中的主要社交者，本研究使用了来自 497 名非裔美国青少年（52% 女性；时间 1 法师 = 15.69；时间 2 法师 = 18.74）及其母亲（时间 1法师 = 40.43；时间 2 法师 = 43.39) 以识别母亲的模式 种族社会化信息，确定母亲的种族社会化模式如何从青春期中期到晚期发生变化，并调查母亲和青少年报告的种族歧视是否有助于母亲种族社会化模式的变化。潜在剖面分析和潜在转变分析被用来检查这些问题。调查结果揭示了三种种族社会化模式：不信任的平衡社会化者、文化社会化和偏见强调者的准备，以及低种族社会化者。大多数母亲属于低种族社交人群，并且大多数在青春期中期和晚期提供类似的信息。母亲对自己种族歧视的报告影响了母亲传递的种族社会化信息；然而，青少年报告的种族歧视并非如此。这些结果对旨在帮助家庭管理种族歧视的基于社区的干预措施具有影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。