The genome sequences of archeological Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates can reveal insights about the history of human baking, brewing and winemaking activities. A yeast strain called Jean-Talon was recently isolated from the vaults of the Intendant’s Palace of Nouvelle France on a historical site in Québec City. This site was occupied by breweries from the end of the 17^th century until the middle of the 20^th century when poisoning caused by cobalt added to the beer led to a shutdown of brewing activities. We sequenced the genome of the Jean-Talon strain and reanalyzed the genomes of hundreds of strains to determine how it relates to other domesticated and wild strains. The Jean-Talon strain is most closely related to industrial beer strains from the beer and bakery genetic groups from the United Kingdom and Belgium. It has numerous aneuploidies and Copy Number Variants (CNVs), including the main gene conferring cobalt resistance in yeast. The Jean-Talon strain has indeed higher tolerance to cobalt compared to other yeast strains, consistent with adaptation to the most recent brewing activities on the site. We conclude from this that the Jean-Talon strain most likely derives from recent brewing activities and not from the original breweries of Nouvelle France on the site.

酿酒酵母分离株的基因组序列可以揭示有关人类烘烤，酿造和酿酒活动历史的见解。最近，在魁北克市的一个历史古迹上，从法国新贵宫的穹顶中分离出了一种名为让-泰隆的酵母菌株。这个网站是由酿酒厂从17月底占领^个世纪，直到20中旬^日世纪之初，由钴引起的啤酒中毒导致啤酒酿造活动中断。我们对Jean-Talon菌株的基因组进行了测序，并重新分析了数百种菌株的基因组，以确定其与其他驯化和野生菌株之间的关系。Jean-Talon菌株与来自英国和比利时的啤酒和面包店遗传群体的工业啤酒菌株最密切相关。它具有许多非整倍性和拷贝数变异体（CNV），包括赋予酵母钴抗性的主要基因。与其他酵母菌株相比，Jean-Talon菌株对钴的耐受性确实更高，这与对该地点最近的酿造活动的适应性一致。