Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious threat to tomato production worldwide. For eco-friendly management of bacterial wilt of tomato, the rhizospheric microorganisms belonging to the genera Bacillus (6 isolates), Brevibacillus (1 isolate), Pseudomonas (3 isolates), and Trichoderma (8 isolates) were studied for their ability to induce innate immunity in tomato, individually and in combination against R. solanacearum in greenhouse and field studies. In laboratory studies, maximum germination percent of 93%, vigor index of 1609 was noted in seed bacterization with P. fluorescens Pf3, followed by 91% germination, vigor index of 1593 in treatment with T. asperellum T8 over control. Under greenhouse conditions, protection against bacterial wilt in individual treatments with PGPRs ranged from 38 to 43% and Trichoderma sp. ranged from 39 to 43% in comparison to control. In comparison to individual seed treatment, among different combinations, maximum seed germination percent of 97% was recorded with combination P. fluorescens Pf3 + T. longibrachiatumUNS11. In greenhouse studies’ combination seed treatment with P. fluorescens Pf3 + T. longibrachiatumUNS11 offered an impressive 62% protection against bacterial wilt over control. Similarly, under field conditions, seed treatment with P. fluorescens Pf3 + T. longibrachiatumUNS11 resulted in 61% protection. The innate immunity triggered by eco-friendly seed treatment was analyzed by expression to defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, and polyphenol oxidase in comparison to control. This study indicated that the potential benefits of using combination treatments of beneficial microorganisms in effectively inducing resistance are possible for dual benefits of enhanced plant growth, tomato yield, and pathogen suppression.

中文翻译：

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促进本地植物生长的根际细菌和木霉菌株对番茄抗青枯病的功效

青枯雷尔氏菌引起的番茄细菌性枯萎病严重威胁着全世界的番茄生产。为了对番茄的枯萎病进行生态友好的管理，研究了芽孢杆菌属（6种菌株），短杆菌属（1种菌株），假单胞菌（3种菌株）和木霉属（8种菌株）的根际微生物诱导先天性的能力。在温室和田间研究中，番茄对番茄的免疫力可单独或联合使用。在实验室研究中，在用荧光假单胞菌Pf3进行细菌杀菌中，发现最大发芽率为93％，活力指数为1609，随后在过顶孢T8处理下，发芽率为91％，发芽指数为91％，活力指数为1593。在温室条件下，用PGPR单独处理和木霉属（Trichoderma sp。）的单株处理对青枯病的防护作用范围为38％至43％。与对照相比，范围从39％到43％。与单独的种子处理相比，在不同的组合中，荧光假单胞菌Pf3 + T. longibrachiatumUNS11组合记录的最大种子发芽率为97％。在温室研究中，用荧光假单胞菌Pf3 + T. longibrachiatumUNS11联合处理种子可提供令人印象深刻的62％保护，以防细菌枯萎。同样，在田间条件下，用荧光假单胞菌Pf3 + T. longibrachiatumUNS11处理种子可获得61％的保护。通过与防御相关的酶（如过氧化物酶，苯丙氨酸氨解酶和多酚氧化酶）的表达与对照相比，分析了生态友好种子处理引发的先天免疫力。