The replacement of diseased and damaged organs remains an challenge in modern medicine. However, through the use of tissue engineering techniques, it may soon be possible to (re)generate tissues and organs using artificial scaffolds. For example, hydrogel networks made from hydrophilic precursor solutions can replicate many properties found in the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) but often lack the dynamic nature of the ECM, as many covalently crosslinked hydrogels possess elastic and static networks with nanoscale pores hindering cell migration without being degradable. To overcome this, macroporous colloidal hydrogels can be prepared to facilitate cell infiltration. Here, an easy method is presented to fabricate granular cellulose nanofibril hydrogel (CNF) scaffolds as porous networks for 3D cell cultivation. CNF is an abundant natural and highly biocompatible material that supports cell adhesion. Granular CNF scaffolds are generated by pre‐crosslinking CNF using calcium and subsequently pressing the gel through micrometer‐sized nylon meshes. The granular solution is mixed with fibroblasts and crosslinked with cell culture medium. The obtained granular CNF scaffold is significantly softer and enables well‐distributed fibroblast growth. This cost‐effective material combined with this efficient and facile fabrication technique allows for 3D cell cultivation in an upscalable manner.

中文翻译：

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用于3D细胞培养的颗粒状纤维素纳米原纤维水凝胶支架。

在现代医学中，病变和受损器官的替换仍然是一个挑战。但是，通过使用组织工程技术，可能很快将可以使用人工支架（重新）生成组织和器官。例如，由亲水性前体溶液制成的水凝胶网络可以复制天然细胞外基质（ECM）中发现的许多特性，但通常缺乏ECM的动态特性，因为许多共价交联的水凝胶具有弹性和静态网络，且纳米级的孔阻碍了细胞迁移，而没有可降解的 为了克服这个问题，可以制备大孔胶体水凝胶以促进细胞浸润。在这里，提出了一种简单的方法来制造颗粒状纤维素纳米原纤维水凝胶（CNF）支架作为3D细胞培养的多孔网络。CNF是一种丰富的天然且高度生物相容的材料，可支持细胞粘附。CNF颗粒状支架是通过使用钙将CNF预交联，然后将凝胶压过微米级的尼龙网制成的。颗粒溶液与成纤维细胞混合并与细胞培养基交联。所获得的颗粒状CNF支架明显更柔软，并能使成纤维细胞生长均匀。这种具有成本效益的材料与这种高效且便捷的制造技术相结合，可以以可升级的方式进行3D细胞培养。颗粒溶液与成纤维细胞混合并与细胞培养基交联。所获得的颗粒状CNF支架明显更柔软，并能使成纤维细胞生长均匀。这种具有成本效益的材料与这种高效且便捷的制造技术相结合，可以以可升级的方式进行3D细胞培养。颗粒溶液与成纤维细胞混合并与细胞培养基交联。所获得的颗粒状CNF支架明显更柔软，并能使成纤维细胞生长均匀。这种具有成本效益的材料与这种高效且便捷的制造技术相结合，可以以可升级的方式进行3D细胞培养。