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Tectonic conditioning revealed by seismic refraction facilitates deep-seated landslides in the western escarpment of the Main Ethiopian Rift
Geomorphology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107382
Tesfay Kiros Mebrahtu , Michael Alber , Stefan Wohnlich

Abstract Landslide is a geo-hazard phenomenon that has been taking lives and causing severe property damages all over the world mostly in mountainous areas. The Main Ethiopian Rift has a unique tectonic setting with complex geological and geomorphological features, coupled with continuously deteriorating environmental conditions, which made its escarpments vulnerable for landslides. The study area is located near the Debre Sina town, within the Yizaba Wein locality, which has been severely affected by frequent landslide problems. This work was carried out using a multidisciplinary approach based on geological, geomorphological, kinematic analysis and geophysical survey. Seismic refraction investigations were carried out along the Yizaba Wein landslide main scarp to determine the depth to the bedrock and to the failure plane, to assess the stability of the slope, to locate possible structural features and to identify the extent of recent landslide activity, and to study the subsurface situation. The seismic measurements were made along three nearly orthogonal survey lines in the recently affected area. A high-resolution 2D P-wave survey was conducted using a 24-channel seismic unit. The seismic refraction results revealed four layers of geomaterials with distinct physical characteristics that contained a subsurface landslide anomaly within the layers. The layers were interpreted according to the major lithological units, from top to bottom: (i) clay, loosely cemented colluvial sediments and highly weathered agglomeratic basalt; (ii) highly to moderately fractured porphyritic basalt, ignimbrite-volcanic ash and rhyolite/trachyte; (iii) moderately to slightly fractured ignimbrite, rhyolite/trachyte and basalt and (iv) very strong, massive, fresh rock/bedrock. Faults and weak zones have also been identified in the bedrock based on the abundance of fractures and subsidiary faults resulting from damage of rocks and change of lithology due to variable fault rock formation strongly influencing the wavefield distribution which usually causes a local decrease of the velocity value. The main findings show that the landslide in the Yizaba Wein locality was caused by its complex geological-structural setting and downslope movement of the underlying pyroclastic sediment facilitated by heavy rainfall. Considering the similar geological and tectonic settings, similar mechanisms can be assumed for other landslides along the rift margins and associated highlands of Ethiopia.

中文翻译:

地震折射揭示的构造条件促进了埃塞俄比亚主裂谷西部悬崖的深层滑坡

摘要 山体滑坡是一种地质灾害现象,在世界范围内主要发生在山区,造成人员伤亡和财产损失。埃塞俄比亚主裂谷具有独特的构造环境,具有复杂的地质和地貌特征,再加上不断恶化的环境条件,使其悬崖容易发生滑坡。研究区位于德布雷西纳镇附近,位于伊扎巴韦因地区,该地区受到频繁的滑坡问题的严重影响。这项工作是使用基于地质、地貌、运动学分析和地球物理调查的多学科方法进行的。沿伊扎坝韦因滑坡主陡坡进行了地震折射调查,以确定到基岩和破坏平面的深度,评估斜坡的稳定性,定位可能的结构特征,确定近期滑坡活动的程度,并研究地下情况。地震测量是沿着最近受影响地区的三个几乎正交的勘测线进行的。使用 24 通道地震单元进行了高分辨率 2D P 波勘测。地震折射结果揭示了四层具有不同物理特征的地质材料,在这些层内包含地下滑坡异常。根据主要岩性单元从上到下解释这些层:(i) 粘土、松散胶结的崩积沉积物和高度风化的团块玄武岩;(ii) 高度至中度破裂的斑状玄武岩、熔凝灰岩-火山灰和流纹岩/粗面岩;(iii) 中度至轻微破裂的熔凝岩、流纹岩/粗面岩和玄武岩和 (iv) 非常坚固、块状、新鲜的岩石/基岩。根据岩石破坏和岩性变化引起的裂缝和附属断层的丰度,在基岩中也识别出断层和薄弱带,这是由于可变断层岩层强烈影响波场分布,通常会导致局部速度值下降。 . 主要研究结果表明,伊扎坝韦因地区的滑坡是由于其复杂的地质结构环境和强降雨促进下伏火山碎屑沉积物的下坡运动造成的。考虑到类似的地质和构造环境,可以假设埃塞俄比亚裂谷边缘和相关高地的其他滑坡具有类似的机制。流纹岩/粗面岩和玄武岩以及 (iv) 非常坚固、块状、新鲜的岩石/基岩。根据岩石破坏和岩性变化引起的裂缝和附属断层的丰度,在基岩中也识别出断层和薄弱带,这是由于可变断层岩层强烈影响波场分布,通常会导致局部速度值下降。 . 主要研究结果表明,伊扎坝韦因地区的滑坡是由于其复杂的地质结构环境和强降雨促进下伏火山碎屑沉积物的下坡运动造成的。考虑到类似的地质和构造环境,可以假设埃塞俄比亚裂谷边缘和相关高地的其他滑坡具有类似的机制。流纹岩/粗面岩和玄武岩以及 (iv) 非常坚固、块状、新鲜的岩石/基岩。根据岩石破坏和岩性变化引起的裂缝和附属断层的丰度,在基岩中也识别出断层和薄弱带,这是由于可变断层岩层强烈影响波场分布,通常会导致局部速度值下降。 . 主要研究结果表明,伊扎坝韦因地区的滑坡是由于其复杂的地质结构环境和强降雨促进下伏火山碎屑沉积物的下坡运动造成的。考虑到类似的地质和构造环境,可以假设埃塞俄比亚裂谷边缘和相关高地的其他滑坡具有类似的机制。新鲜的岩石/基岩。根据岩石破坏和岩性变化引起的裂缝和附属断层的丰度,在基岩中也识别出断层和薄弱带,这是由于可变断层岩层强烈影响波场分布,通常会导致局部速度值下降。 . 主要研究结果表明,伊扎坝韦因地区的滑坡是由于其复杂的地质结构环境和强降雨促进下伏火山碎屑沉积物的下坡运动造成的。考虑到类似的地质和构造环境,可以假设埃塞俄比亚裂谷边缘和相关高地的其他滑坡具有类似的机制。新鲜的岩石/基岩。根据岩石破坏和岩性变化引起的裂缝和附属断层的丰度,在基岩中也识别出断层和薄弱带,这是由于可变断层岩层强烈影响波场分布,通常会导致局部速度值下降。 . 主要研究结果表明,伊扎坝韦因地区的滑坡是由于其复杂的地质结构环境和强降雨促进下伏火山碎屑沉积物的下坡运动造成的。考虑到类似的地质和构造环境,可以假设埃塞俄比亚裂谷边缘和相关高地的其他滑坡具有类似的机制。根据岩石破坏和岩性变化引起的裂缝和附属断层的丰度,在基岩中也识别出断层和薄弱带,这是由于可变断层岩层强烈影响波场分布,通常会导致局部速度值下降。 . 主要研究结果表明,伊扎坝韦因地区的滑坡是由于其复杂的地质结构环境和强降雨促进下伏火山碎屑沉积物的下坡运动造成的。考虑到类似的地质和构造环境,可以假设埃塞俄比亚裂谷边缘和相关高地的其他滑坡具有类似的机制。根据岩石破坏和岩性变化引起的裂缝和附属断层的丰度,在基岩中也识别出断层和薄弱带,这是由于可变断层岩层强烈影响波场分布,通常会导致局部速度值下降。 . 主要研究结果表明,伊扎坝韦因地区的滑坡是由于其复杂的地质结构环境和强降雨促进下伏火山碎屑沉积物的下坡运动造成的。考虑到类似的地质和构造环境,可以假设埃塞俄比亚裂谷边缘和相关高地的其他滑坡具有类似的机制。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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