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Phenotypic plasticity for biomass partitioning in maize: genotype effects across a range of environments
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107914
Luciana A. Galizia , Eugenia M. Munaro , Alfredo G. Cirilo , María E. Otegui , Karina E. D’Andrea

Abstract Maize grain yield is determined by genotype (G), environment (E) and G × E interaction effects that influence the expression of traits along the crop cycle. Inbreds and hybrids may differ in their responses to fluctuations in environmental conditions, determining changes in heterosis levels across environments and consequently the target environment for their evaluation. The objectives of this work were (i) to compare traits related to grain yield, aboveground biomass production and its partitioning in two contrasting genotypic groups (inbreds and hybrids) and (ii) to analyze their performance across environments for the assessment of their phenotypic plasticity as well as environmental effects on the expression of heterosis. We built a balanced environmental index based on normalized plant grain yield (BEINPGY) from 14 contrasting environments using a 6-inbred complete diallel mating design and analyzed the response of the 12 evaluated traits to this index for each genotypic group. This approach allowed us to (i) differentiate among traits with simple linear (grain yield, total biomass, kernel numbers, the anthesis-silking interval and plant reproductive efficiency), bilinear (harvest index, individual kernel weight, prolificacy and apical ear reproductive efficiency) or no response (ear and plant growth rates around flowering as well as their relationship) in phenotypic plasticity of each group to the BEINPGY, and (ii) group traits depending upon their absolute heterosis response (i.e., heterosis plasticity) to the BEINPGY, which varied in sign (positive, null or negative) depending upon the trait. There was a clear and positive relationship between absolute heterosis plasticity and traits plasticities, which was mainly driven by hybrids. Genotypic groups differed in the association patterns of traits values per se as well as of their phenotypic plasticities, indicative of the different genetic bases that determine them. The fact that percent heterosis for grain yield and other relevant secondary traits did not vary across environments, whereas heritability is expected to decrease under stressful conditions, may contribute to guide future breeding efforts aiming to develop superior hybrids with successful performance, particularly in future challenging environmental scenarios.

中文翻译:

玉米中生物质分配的表型可塑性:一系列环境中的基因型效应

摘要 玉米籽粒产量由基因型 (G)、环境 (E) 和 G × E 互作效应决定,这些效应影响作物周期中性状的表达。近交和杂种对环境条件波动的反应可能不同,这决定了环境间杂种优势水平的变化,从而确定了它们评估的目标环境。这项工作的目标是 (i) 比较与谷物产量、地上生物量生产及其在两个不同基因型组(近交和杂种)中的分配相关的性状,以及 (ii) 分析它们在不同环境中的表现,以评估它们的表型可塑性以及环境对杂种优势表达的影响。我们使用 6 近交完全二列交配设计基于 14 个对比环境的标准化植物谷物产量 (BEINPGY) 建立了平衡环境指数,并分析了每个基因型组的 12 个评估性状对该指数的响应。这种方法使我们能够 (i) 用简单的线性(谷物产量、总生物量、籽粒数、花期-落丝间隔和植物繁殖效率)、双线性(收获指数、单个籽粒重、多产和顶穗繁殖效率)区分性状) 或在每个组对 BEINPGY 的表型可塑性中没有反应(开花前后的穗和植物生长率以及它们的关系),以及(ii)取决于它们对 BEINPGY 的绝对杂种优势反应(即杂种优势可塑性)的组性状,其符号不同(正,null 或负数)取决于特征。绝对杂种优势可塑性与性状可塑性之间存在明显的正相关关系,主要由杂种驱动。基因型组在性状值本身的关联模式及其表型可塑性方面有所不同,表明决定它们的不同遗传基础。谷物产量和其他相关次要性状的杂种优势百分比在不同环境中没有变化,而在压力条件下遗传力预计会降低,这一事实可能有助于指导未来的育种工作,旨在开发具有成功性能的优良杂种,特别是在未来充满挑战的环境中场景。绝对杂种优势可塑性与性状可塑性之间存在明显的正相关关系,主要由杂种驱动。基因型组在性状值本身的关联模式及其表型可塑性方面有所不同,表明决定它们的不同遗传基础。谷物产量和其他相关次要性状的杂种优势百分比在不同环境中没有变化,而在压力条件下遗传力预计会降低,这一事实可能有助于指导未来的育种工作,旨在开发具有成功性能的优良杂种,特别是在未来充满挑战的环境中场景。绝对杂种优势可塑性与性状可塑性之间存在明显的正相关关系,主要由杂种驱动。基因型组在性状值本身的关联模式及其表型可塑性方面有所不同,表明决定它们的不同遗传基础。谷物产量和其他相关次要性状的杂种优势百分比在不同环境中没有变化,而在压力条件下遗传力预计会降低,这一事实可能有助于指导未来的育种工作,旨在开发具有成功性能的优良杂种,特别是在未来充满挑战的环境中场景。基因型组在性状值本身的关联模式及其表型可塑性方面有所不同,表明决定它们的不同遗传基础。谷物产量和其他相关次要性状的杂种优势百分比在不同环境中没有变化,而在压力条件下遗传力预计会降低,这一事实可能有助于指导未来的育种工作,旨在开发具有成功性能的优良杂种,特别是在未来充满挑战的环境中场景。基因型组在性状值本身的关联模式及其表型可塑性方面有所不同,表明决定它们的不同遗传基础。谷物产量和其他相关次要性状的杂种优势百分比在不同环境中没有变化,而在压力条件下遗传力预计会降低,这一事实可能有助于指导未来的育种工作,旨在开发具有成功性能的优良杂种,特别是在未来充满挑战的环境中场景。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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