Taking advantage of the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, triboelectric nanogenerators can effectively convert various forms of ambient mechanical energy into electricity, and therefore have attracted much attention, with broad applications in energy harvesting, active sensing, and biomedical therapy, which are anticipated to be an indispensable component in the era of the Internet of things. To improve the mechanical-to-electrical conversion, various strategies have been reported to engineer the materials used at the nanoscale with physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid approaches. These strategies to enhance the output performance and extend the applications of triboelectric nanogenerators are comprehensively reviewed and summarized in this article. Furthermore, perspectives are also discussed in depth, with an emphasis on future research directions to further advance developments within the field.

摩擦带电纳米发电机利用接触带电和静电感应的耦合作用，可以有效地将各种形式的环境机械能转化为电能，因此备受关注，在能量收集，主动感应和生物医学治疗等领域有着广泛的应用。预计将成为物联网时代必不可少的组成部分。为了改善机械-电气转换，已经报道了各种策略以物理，化学，生物和混合方法对纳米级使用的材料进行工程设计。本文对这些提高输出性能和扩展摩擦电纳米发电机应用的策略进行了全面的综述和总结。此外，还深入讨论了观点，