Abstract

Changing lifestyle is increasing the energy demand. Fossil fuel is unable to deliver such huge energy. Clean energy from renewable source can solve this problem. Hydrogen is a clean and energy-efficient fuel and used for electricity generation by fuel cells or can be used in combustion engine. Easy availability of starch wastes from different industrial food processing wastes makes it a potential source for hydrogen (H₂) generation. Among various processes such as steam reforming, electrolysis, biophotolysis of water and anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation technique is environmentally friendly and requires less external energy, making it a preferred process for H₂ generation. Dark fermentation process can use wide range of substrates including agricultural and industrial starchy waste with low level of undesirable compounds. Application of both anaerobic dark and photofermentation can improve H₂ yield and production rate. H₂ production from wastes containing starch serves dual benefit of waste reduction and energy generation. As starch is a polymer and all hydrogen-producing bacteria cannot produce amylase to hydrolyze it, a pretreatment step is required to convert starch into glucose and maltose. In this present review paper, we have summarized: (i) potential of various types of starch-containing wastes as feedstock, (ii) various fermentation techniques, (iii) optimization of external process parameter, (iv) application of bioreactor and simulation in fermentation technique and (v) advancement in H₂ production from starchy wastes.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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从含淀粉的废物中通过暗发酵和光发酵生产分子生物氢：最新进展和未来展望。

摘要

改变生活方式正在增加能源需求。化石燃料无法提供如此巨大的能量。来自可再生能源的清洁能源可以解决这个问题。氢是一种清洁、节能的燃料，可用于燃料电池发电或用于内燃机。来自不同工业食品加工废物的淀粉废物易于获得，使其成为产生氢气 (H ₂ )的潜在来源。在蒸汽重整、电解、水的生物光解和厌氧发酵等多种工艺中，厌氧发酵技术对环境友好且需要较少的外部能源，使其成为H ₂的首选工艺。一代。暗发酵过程可以使用范围广泛的底物，包括具有低水平不良化合物的农业和工业淀粉废物。厌氧暗发酵和光发酵的应用可以提高H ₂产率和产率。H ₂用含有淀粉的废物生产具有减少废物和产生能源的双重好处。由于淀粉是一种聚合物，所有产氢细菌都不能产生淀粉酶来水解它，因此需要进行预处理步骤将淀粉转化为葡萄糖和麦芽糖。在本综述论文中，我们总结了：(i) 各种类型的含淀粉废物作为原料的潜力，(ii) 各种发酵技术，(iii) 外部工艺参数的优化，(iv) 生物反应器和模拟的应用发酵技术和 (v)从淀粉废物生产H _{2 的}进步。

图形摘要