Despite extraordinary advances that have been made in cancer therapy, the number of cancer cases continue to surge, making it the leading cause of death across the world. As a result, early detection is one of the key aspects in the battle against the disease. Screening and early diagnosis play a pivotal role for effective treatment and to lower the cancer mortality rate. Cancer nanotechnology is a new branch in biology that provides a link between nanotechnology and clinical cancer research. Moreover, it also aims to integrate the advancements made in the manufacture of nanoscale devices with cellular and molecular components associated with cancer diagnosis and therapy. Understanding these new technologies is crucial to integrating these practices into clinical settings. This novel approach has facilitated the conjugation of nanoscale devices with agents such as tumor-specific li-gands, antibodies, and imaging probes. This review summarizes the advancements made in nanotechnology based approaches in diagnosing cancer. Coupling of nanoparticles with targeting molecules enables an efficient interaction between biological systems with extraordinary accuracy. The progress associated with nanoscale devices such as metal based nanomaterials, exosomes, magnetic nanoparticles, in addition to quantum dots and lab on chip devices with regard to diagnostic applications has been discussed. We summarize how nanoparticles take advantage of the tumor microenvironment for targeting cancer cells. Further, the review outlines the drawbacks, challenges, and future prospects associated with these techniques as effective strategies to replace current clinical trends.

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医学中的癌症纳米技术：癌症检测和诊断的有前途的方法。

尽管在癌症治疗方面取得了非凡的进步，但癌症病例的数量仍在继续激增，使其成为全球主要的死亡原因。因此，及早发现是与该疾病作斗争的关键方面之一。筛查和早期诊断在有效治疗和降低癌症死亡率中起着关键作用。癌症纳米技术是生物学的一个新分支，在纳米技术和临床癌症研究之间提供了联系。此外，其目的还在于将纳米级设备制造中的进展与癌症诊断和治疗相关的细胞和分子成分整合在一起。了解这些新技术对于将这些实践整合到临床环境中至关重要。这种新颖的方法促进了纳米级器件与诸如肿瘤特异性配体，抗体和成像探针等试剂的结合。这篇综述总结了基于纳米技术的癌症诊断方法的进展。纳米颗粒与靶向分子的偶联使得生物系统之间能够以非凡的准确性进行有效的相互作用。已经讨论了与纳米级设备（如基于金属的纳米材料，外来体，磁性纳米颗粒）相关的进展，以及有关量子点和芯片实验室的设备在诊断方面的应用。我们总结了纳米粒子如何利用肿瘤微环境靶向癌细胞。此外，该评论还概述了缺点，挑战，