Traditional models assuming a vertically uniform structure of the horizontal flow velocity and neglecting the vertical velocity distribution cannot accurately describe the complex boundary layer flow features in the dam-break induced wave tip region. Based on the assumption that the horizontal velocity profile in the wave tip region follows a vertically parabolic distribution with shear extending to the water surface, new solutions for the hydrodynamic characteristics in the wave tip region were derived with respect to the simplified force balance or the steady momentum equation, respectively. The force balance-based models show the relation between water depth [Formula: see text] and distance from the tip [Formula: see text] in the wave tip region as [Formula: see text], whereas a complex and implicit [Formula: see text] relation is confirmed after applying the momentum equation. Comparing with other models, the present momentum equation-based model gives the best agreements with experiments, which can illustrate the general spatial distribution of the wave profile in the wave tip region. Model predicted characteristics of surface particles’ motion are consistent with the experimental observation of Baldock et al. ([ 2014 ] “Flow convergence at the tip and edges of a viscous swash front — experimental and analytical modeling,” Coast Eng. 88, 123–130). As for the vertical velocity distribution in the wave tip region (being downward direction), it increases monotonically from the bed to the water surface and its magnitude increases when approaching the wave tip. Taking into account the relative streamline distribution and total flow field feature in the wave tip region, the present model can reproduce the uniform flow convergence pattern at the wave tip front, as experimentally observed in Baldock et al. [ 2014 ].

中文翻译：

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破坝诱发波尖区流动水动力特性

传统模型假设水平流速的垂直均匀结构而忽略垂直速度分布，不能准确描述溃坝诱发波尖区域复杂的边界层流动特征。基于波尖区域水平速度剖面服从垂直抛物线分布且剪切延伸至水面的假设，针对简化的力平衡或稳态推导了波尖区域水动力特性的新解。动量方程，分别。基于力平衡的模型将波尖区域的水深[公式：见正文]与到尖端的距离[公式：见正文]之间的关系显示为[公式：见正文]，而复杂而隐含的[公式：见正文]关系在应用动量方程后得到确认。与其他模型相比，目前基于动量方程的模型与实验的一致性最好，可以说明波尖区域波廓的一般空间分布。模型预测的表面粒子运动特征与 Baldock 等人的实验观察一致。（[ 2014 ] “粘性斜体前沿尖端和边缘的流动收敛——实验和分析建模”，Coast Eng. 88, 123-130）。波尖区垂直速度分布（向下方向），从海床到水面单调增加，接近波尖时幅度增加。考虑到波尖区域的相对流线分布和总流场特征，本模型可以重现波尖前沿的均匀流动收敛模式，如 Baldock 等人实验观察到的那样。[2014 年]。