The objective of this article is to determine the influence mechanism of the cathode materials on the transition process of the arc modes in high-current drawn vacuum arcs under the external axial magnetic field (AMF). Six kinds of pure metal of Cu, W, Mo, Fe, Cr, and Al were selected as the cathode materials. A high-speed charge-coupled device (CCD) video camera was selected to record the arc appearance. The experimental results indicate that the cathode materials had a great effect on the arc modes in the high-current vacuum arcs with the application of AMF. Under the cathode of W and Mo, the arc modes turned to the constriction arc mode and the anode spot arc mode more easily than that under the cathode of Cu, Fe, Cr, and Al, with the increase of the arc current. For various cathode materials and same anode, the critical current density inputting to anode surface for the transform of vacuum arc modes was different. This should be caused by the differences in the constricted characteristics and the ion energy of the vacuum arcs, which took a significant effect on the transition process of the arc modes in the vacuum arcs under AMF. The higher ion energy would lead to a more active anode, which resulted in the positive ion and metal vapor from the anode. Moreover, the cathode materials played different roles in the various stages of the discharging process of the drawn vacuum arcs. The effect of cathode material on the transition process of the arc modes in the high-current vacuum arc mainly took in Stage II, which sustained from the end of the bridge arc column to the arc current peak and dominated the transition process of the arc modes.

中文翻译：

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外部AMF下拉制真空电弧中阴极材料对电弧模态转变过程的影响机制

本文的目的是确定阴极材料对外部轴向磁场（AMF）下大电流真空电弧中电弧模式转变过程的影响机制。选用Cu、W、Mo、Fe、Cr、Al六种纯金属作为正极材料。选择高速电荷耦合器件（CCD）摄像机来记录电弧外观。实验结果表明，正极材料对AMF的应用对大电流真空电弧中的电弧模式有很大影响。随着电弧电流的增加，W和Mo阴极下的电弧模式比Cu、Fe、Cr和Al阴极下的电弧模式更容易转向收缩电弧模式和阳极点电弧模式。对于不同的正极材料和相同的负极，输入到阳极表面的用于真空电弧模式转换的临界电流密度是不同的。这应该是由于真空电弧的收缩特性和离子能量的差异造成的，这对AMF下真空电弧中电弧模式的转变过程产生了显着影响。更高的离子能量将导致更活跃的阳极，这导致来自阳极的正离子和金属蒸气。此外，阴极材料在真空电弧放电过程的各个阶段发挥着不同的作用。阴极材料对大电流真空电弧电弧模态转变过程的影响主要体现在从桥式弧柱末端到电弧电流峰值的阶段II，并主导了电弧模态的转变过程.