Biochemical kinds such as proteins pose interesting problems for philosophers of science, as they can be studied from the points of view of both biology and chemistry. The relationship between the biological functions of biochemical kinds and the microstructures that they are related to is the key question. This leads us to a more general discussion about ontological reductionism, microstructuralism, and multiple realization at the biology–chemistry interface. On the face of it, biochemical kinds seem to pose a challenge for ontological reductionism and hence motivate a dual theory of chemical and biological kinds, a type of pluralism about natural kinds. But it will be argued that the challenge, which is based on multiple realization, can be addressed. The upshot is that there are reasonable prospects for ontological reductionism about biochemical kinds, which corroborates natural kind monism. 1. Introduction2. Functions: Aetiological or Goal-Directed?3. Moonlighting and Multiple Determinations4. The Powers-Based Subset Strategy5. The Case of Haemoglobin6. Haemoglobin and the Problem of Lower-Level Vengeance7. Multiple Realization and (Higher-Order) Interest Relativeness8. The Prospects for Ontological Reductionism Introduction Functions: Aetiological or Goal-Directed? Moonlighting and Multiple Determinations The Powers-Based Subset Strategy The Case of Haemoglobin Haemoglobin and the Problem of Lower-Level Vengeance Multiple Realization and (Higher-Order) Interest Relativeness The Prospects for Ontological Reductionism

中文翻译：

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你从哪里得到你的蛋白质？或：生化实现

蛋白质等生化种类对科学哲学家来说是有趣的问题，因为它们可以从生物学和化学的角度进行研究。生化种类的生物学功能与其相关的微观结构之间的关系是关键问题。这导致我们对生物-化学界面的本体还原论、微观结构论和多重实现进行更广泛的讨论。从表面上看，生化类似乎对本体论还原论提出了挑战，因此激发了化学类和生物类的双重理论，一种关于自然类的多元论。但有人认为，基于多重实现的挑战是可以解决的。结果是关于生化种类的本体论还原论存在合理的前景，这证实了自然种类一元论。1. 介绍 2. 功能：病因或目标导向？ 3。月光和多重决定 4。基于权力的子集策略5。血红蛋白案例6。血红蛋白和低级复仇的问题7。多重实现和（高阶）利息相关性 8。本体论还原论的前景介绍功能：病因还是目标导向？Moonlighting and Multiple Determinations The Powers-Based Subset Strategy 血红蛋白的案例 血红蛋白的案例和低级复仇的问题 多重实现和（高阶）利益相关性 本体论还原论的前景 病因或目标导向？ 3。月光和多重决定 4。基于权力的子集策略5。血红蛋白案例6。血红蛋白和低级复仇的问题7。多重实现和（高阶）利息相关性 8。本体论还原论的前景介绍功能：病因还是目标导向？Moonlighting and Multiple Determinations The Powers-Based Subset Strategy 血红蛋白的案例 血红蛋白的案例和低级复仇的问题 多重实现和（高阶）利益相关性 本体论还原论的前景 病因或目标导向？ 3。月光和多重决定 4。基于权力的子集策略5。血红蛋白案例6。血红蛋白和低级复仇的问题7。多重实现和（高阶）利息相关性 8。本体论还原论的前景介绍功能：病因还是目标导向？Moonlighting and Multiple Determinations The Powers-Based Subset Strategy 血红蛋白的案例 血红蛋白的案例和低级复仇的问题 多重实现和（高阶）利益相关性 本体论还原论的前景 多重实现和（高阶）利息相关性 8。本体论还原论的前景介绍功能：病因还是目标导向？Moonlighting and Multiple Determinations The Powers-Based Subset Strategy 血红蛋白的案例 血红蛋白的案例和低级复仇的问题 多重实现和（高阶）利益相关性 本体论还原论的前景 多重实现和（高阶）利息相关性 8。本体论还原论的前景介绍功能：病因还是目标导向？Moonlighting and Multiple Determinations The Powers-Based Subset Strategy 血红蛋白的案例 血红蛋白的案例和低级复仇的问题 多重实现和（高阶）利益相关性 本体论还原论的前景