Results from the first demonstration of Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) were published in 2019, indicating an achieved turn-round efficiency of 60–65% for a system capable of storing 600 kWh of electricity. PTES uses a theoretically reversible thermodynamic cycle involving compression and expansion stages with constant pressure heat addition and rejection to hot and cold thermal stores. Energy storage turn-round efficiency largely depends on the isentropic efficiencies of the compression and expansion equipment, the thermal effectiveness of the thermal stores, the presence of circuit pressure drops, heat leaks to and from the system and electrical machine efficiencies. We present a simulation model of a PTES system which is used to produce an inventory of the relative magnitudes of the various system losses. We consider the feasibility of a large-scale, 1 GWh nominal storage capacity, PTES system with de-coupled thermal stores; and provide comparison with the so far more investigated, coupled system. Based on ambitious yet realistic component performances, we calculate an energy storage turn around efficiency of 65.3 and 59.5% for the coupled and de-coupled systems, respectively. Even with dwell times in the charged state as long as 5 days, a turn-round efficiency of over 50% is still predicted in both systems; suggesting that PTES could offer a viable large-scale, long duration energy store.

第一次演示的结果 抽水蓄能 （PTES）于2019年发布，表明取得了 周转效率对于能够存储600 kWh电量的系统，其耗电量为60-65％。PTES使用理论上可逆的热力学循环，包括压缩和膨胀阶段，并具有恒压热量添加和热和冷热量存储的排出。储能器的周转效率在很大程度上取决于压缩和膨胀设备的等熵效率，储热器的热效率，电路压降的存在，系统之间的热泄漏以及电机的效率。我们提出了一个PTES系统的仿真模型，该模型用于产生各种系统损耗的相对大小的清单。我们认为具有以下条件的大规模，1 GWh标称存储容量的PTES系统的可行性解耦储热库；并提供与迄今为止更多调查的比较，耦合的系统。基于雄心勃勃但又切合实际的组件性能，我们计算出的储能转向效率分别为65.3和59.5％。耦合的 和 解耦系统。即使在充电状态下的停留时间长达5天，两个系统的转弯效率仍预计会超过50％。这表明PTES可以提供​​可行的大规模，长期的能量存储。