With the growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology and the automobile industry, various In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) services have been developed, in which users can exploit a variety of IVI devices, such as navigation systems, cameras, speakers, headrest displays and heated seats. A typical IVI system is based on the peer-to-peer model, in which the user will directly control each device. This tends to induce a large overhead and inconvenience to the user. To overcome the drawbacks of the peer-to-peer model, the centralized IVI (C-IVI) scheme was recently proposed in which an IVI master is employed to provide IVI services between users and devices. However, the centralized model gives lower performance, as the number of users and devices gets larger. To improve the performance of IVI services, in this paper, we propose an agent-based IVI (A-IVI) scheme. In the proposed A-IVI scheme, a new entity called ‘agent’ is introduced, based on the C-IVI model. Each IVI agent will be used to manage a group of devices and also to perform the communication with the IVI master, on behalf of the concerned devices. The proposed scheme can be used to provide scalability and perform enhancement. The IVI agents are also helpful for supporting a variety of constrained IVI devices, such as speakers or cameras, which may usually have too low power to perform IoT communications. The proposed A-IVI scheme is implemented by using the IoT messaging protocols. For performance comparison with the existing schemes, we performed testbed experimentations. From the results, we see that the proposed A-IVI scheme can provide better performance than the existing IVI systems in terms of transmission delays, throughput and master’s loads. It is expected that the proposed scheme may be used effectively for IVI systems with a large number of users/devices, as seen in public transportation, such as public trains or airplanes.

中文翻译：

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物联网环境中基于代理的车载信息娱乐服务

随着物联网（IoT）技术和汽车行业的发展，已经开发了各种车载信息娱乐（IVI）服务，用户可以在其中利用各种IVI设备，例如导航系统，摄像头，扬声器，头枕显示器和加热座椅。典型的IVI系统基于对等模型，用户可以直接控制每个设备。这倾向于给用户带来大的开销和不便。为了克服对等模型的缺点，最近提出了集中式IVI（C-IVI）方案，其中采用IVI主设备在用户和设备之间提供IVI服务。但是，随着用户和设备数量的增加，集中式模型会降低性能。为了提高IVI服务的性能，在本文中，我们提出了一种基于代理的IVI（A-IVI）方案。在提出的A-IVI方案中，基于C-IVI模型引入了一个称为“代理”的新实体。每个IVI代理将用于管理一组设备，并代表相关设备与IVI主设备进行通信。所提出的方案可以用于提供可伸缩性和执行增强。IVI代理还有助于支持各种受约束的IVI设备，例如扬声器或摄像头，这些设备通常功率可能太低，无法执行IoT通信。所提出的A-IVI方案是通过使用IoT消息传递协议来实现的。为了与现有方案进行性能比较，我们进行了试验台实验。从结果来看 我们看到，在传输延迟，吞吐量和主机负载方面，提出的A-IVI方案可以提供比现有IVI系统更好的性能。期望所提出的方案可以有效地用于具有大量用户/设备的IVI系统，如在公共交通中看到的，例如公共火车或飞机。