In 2019, an exceptional Ptolemaic‐era tomb was discovered in Al‐Diabat archaeological site, Sohag, Upper Egypt. Numerous fallen painted fragments in the floor of tomb were collected and studied. The microstructural and chemical makeup of samples was discerned by virtue of a field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) with an energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDX) spectrometry. Further, the molecular‐vibrational property was acknowledged by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) and micro‐Raman (μ‐Raman) spectrometers. Also, the crystalline structure of stone and plaster samples was defined by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results have demonstrated that the murals were implemented on a thick mud plaster followed by a thin preparation layer, which, unusually, was made of calcite. Gypsum was also detected in variable quantity throughout the render samples. Colouring substances of Egyptian blue, green earth, red ochre, yellow ochre and carbon black were recognized in the studied murals. Besides, maghemite (γFe₂O₃) was disclosed in the red pigment sample. Unexpectedly, gold was detected in the yellow paint areas, possibly associated with a religious tradition. As well, the recognition of an organic binder (probably egg yolk) nominates the application of tempera technique. Noteworthy, this research contributes in presenting significant findings on painting materials used in unusual rock‐cut tomb from the Ptolemaic era.

中文翻译：

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在最近发现的托勒密时代的坟墓（上埃及索哈格）中揭示用于壁画的彩色调色板：一项多技术表面调查

2019年，在上埃及Sohag的Al-Diabat考古现场发现了一个杰出的托勒密时代墓葬。收集并研究了墓穴中大量掉落的油漆碎片。借助具有能量色散X射线（EDX）光谱的场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）来识别样品的微观结构和化学组成。此外，通过傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）和微拉曼（μ-Raman）光谱仪确认了分子振动特性。同样，通过X射线衍射（XRD）分析确定了石材和石膏样品的晶体结构。结果表明，壁画是在厚厚的泥灰泥上进行的，然后是薄的准备层，通常这是由方解石制成的。在整个提炼样品中还检测到了不同数量的石膏。在所研究的壁画中发现了埃及蓝色，绿色地球，红色o石，黄色o石和炭黑的着色物质。此外，磁赤铁矿（γFe在红色颜料样品中公开了₂ O ₃）。出乎意料的是，在黄色油漆区域中发现了黄金，这可能与宗教传统有关。同样，对有机粘合剂（可能是蛋黄）的认可也提名了蛋彩画技术的应用。值得注意的是，这项研究有助于提出有关托勒密时代不同寻常的岩石切割坟墓中使用的绘画材料的重要发现。