The MarsWRF model is set up with fully interactive dust at 5° × 5° and 2° × 2 resolution. The latter allows for a better representation of topography and other surface properties. An infinite reservoir of surface dust is assumed for both resolutions. For 5° × 5°, surface dust lifting by wind stress takes place over broad areas, occurring in about 20% of the model's grid cells. For 2° × 2°, it is more spatially restricted, occurring in less than 5% of the grid cells, and somewhat reminiscent of the corridors Acidalia‐Chryse, Utopia‐Isidis, and Arcadia‐West of Tharsis. The onset times of major dust storms—large regional storms or global dust storm events (GDEs)—do not exhibit much interannual variability, typically occurring at around L_s 260°. However, their magnitude does show significant interannual variability—with only small regional storms in some years, large regional storms in others, and some years with GDEs—owing to the interaction between major dust lifting regions at low latitudes. The latter is consistent with observed GDEs having several active dust lifting centers. The agreement between the model's surface dust distribution and observation‐based dust cover index maps is potentially better for 2° × 2°. For the latter, there is also significant surface dust lifting by wind stress in the aphelion season that is largely confined to the Hellas basin. It has a recurring time pattern of 2–7 sols, possibly resulting from the interaction between midlatitude baroclinic systems and local downslope flows.

中文翻译：

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MarsWRF模型对火星沙尘循环的完全交互式和精细分辨率模拟

MarsWRF模型设置为具有5°×5°和2°×2分辨率的完全交互式灰尘。后者可以更好地表示形貌和其他表面特性。两种分辨率都假定有无限量的表面灰尘。对于5°×5°，由于风应力导致的表面灰尘在大面积区域内发生，大约占模型网格单元的20％。对于2°×2°，它受到的空间限制更大，发生在少于5％的网格单元中，有点让人联想到酸塔里西斯（Aidalia-Chryse），乌托邦-伊西迪斯（Itadis-Isidis）和塔卡西斯（Tharsis）西阿卡迪亚-西走廊。大型沙尘暴的爆发时间（大型区域性风暴或全球沙尘暴事件（GDE））的年际变化不大，通常发生在L _s左右_。260°。但是，由于低纬度地区主要扬尘区之间的相互作用，它们的幅度确实显示出明显的年际变化性（某些年份仅发生小区域暴风雨，而另一些年份则具有大区域暴风雨，并且有些年份具有GDE）。后者与观察到的具有多个主动除尘中心的GDE一致。对于2°×2°，模型的表面尘埃分布和基于观测的尘埃覆盖指数图之间的一致性可能更好。对于后者，在视锥虫季节，由于风的应力，还会显着地表扬尘埃，而粉尘主要局限于海拉斯盆地。它具有2–7溶胶的重复时间模式，可能是中纬度斜压系统与局部下坡流之间相互作用的结果。