• 1. On shallow reefs, day‐night activity patterns between fishes and invertebrates are presumed to reflect trade‐offs between feeding and predation; however, quantitative data on daily community dynamics are scarce. Moreover, night surveys may contribute important information for biodiversity inventories or baselines that normally are not considered.
• 2. This study used standardized day–night visual surveys of fishes and mobile invertebrates on the same transect lines in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and investigated how diel patterns vary between taxonomic and trophic groups.
• 3. Distinct differences between taxonomic groups were observed, with fishes being more abundant during the day (>twice), whilst invertebrate abundance and richness showed an opposite trend with higher numbers at night (>three times).
• 4. Analysis of trophic groups showed that herbivorous and planktivorous fishes were more abundant during the day. Carnivorous fishes did not show any trends. Top predators (Apex) were observed only at very low abundances. However, a replacement amongst carnivorous fish species between day and night was found, where labridae fishes were practically absent during nights.
• 5. Most of the mobile invertebrates remained concealed during the day, probably due to the influence of predation risk (labrid fishes). The results emphasize the need for consideration of nocturnally active invertebrates in biodiversity inventories or baselines of reefs, which focus heavily only on diurnal surveys.
• 6. Day–night reef surveys should be included in marine protected area planning and monitoring as this provides a better understanding of shallow benthic communities and helps inform proper management decisions.

中文翻译：

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无脊椎动物的觉醒：拉帕努伊（Rapa Nui）多用途海洋保护区的鱼类和活动无脊椎动物的日常动态

• 1.在浅礁上，假定鱼和无脊椎动物之间的昼夜活动模式反映了摄食和捕食之间的权衡；但是，关于日常社区动态的定量数据很少。此外，夜间调查可能会为通常不考虑的生物多样性清单或基准提供重要信息。
• 2.这项研究使用标准化的昼夜视觉调查，对拉帕努伊（Easter Island）同一条样线上的鱼类和移动无脊椎动物进行了调查，并调查了diel模式在分类学和营养学组之间是如何变化的。
• 3.观察到分类学组之间的明显差异，白天的鱼类更加丰富（>两次），而无脊椎动物的丰度和丰富度却呈现相反的趋势，而夜间的数量则更高（>三倍）。
• 4.营养族群分析显示，草食性和浮游性鱼类白天较丰富。食肉鱼类没有任何趋势。仅在极低的丰度下观察到顶级掠食者（Apex）。但是，在白天和晚上之间发现了肉食性鱼类的替代品，夜间几乎没有唇形科鱼类。
• 5.白天，大多数可移动的无脊椎动物仍处于隐藏状态，这可能是由于捕食风险的影响（裸食）。结果强调需要在生物多样性清单或礁石基线中考虑具有夜间活动性的无脊椎动物，这主要集中在昼夜调查中。
• 6.海洋保护区的规划和监测应包括昼夜珊瑚礁调查，因为这可以更好地了解浅层底栖生物群落，并有助于为适当的管理决策提供依据。