Abstract Biological invasion is a global environmental problem that has profound effects on the natural ecosystem. To gain in-depth understandings on how biological invasion affects the natural recovery potential of native vegetation, this study focused on the soil seed banks of reed (Phragmites australis) communities with different degrees of Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion. The soil seed banks were germinated under three light conditions (shading, natural light and supplementary light) and three water level conditions (immersed, 3 cm water flooded and 30 cm water flooded). The effects of the different degrees of A. philoxeroides invasion, light conditions, and water levels on the soil seed bank germination of reed communities were compared and analyzed. Our studies revealed that A. philoxeroides invasion had remarkable impacts on the soil seed banks of wetland reed communities during less than three years and water level and light had interaction on the effect of invasion. Under the supplementary light treatment, the number of germinating species in the non invasive soil seed bank (average 3.78 species/box) was significantly higher than that in the seriously invasive soil seed bank (average 2.22 species/box)(N = 9, P ≤ 0.05)). Under immersed treatments, A. philoxeroides invasion significantly reduced the seedling density (from average 905 seedlings/m2 without invasion to average 363 seedlings/m2 with mild invasion and 313 seedlings/m2 with severe invasion, N = 9, P≦0.05) and the species richness (from average 4.33 species /box without invasion to average 3.11 species/ box with mild invasion and 3.11 species/ box with severe invasion, N = 9, P≦0.05) of reed community soil seed banks. Under 30 cm water flooded treatment, the dominance index of the soil seed bank with severe invasion was significantly higher than that with mild invasion. Shading and flooding inhibited the seed germination from soil seed bank. We also discovered that A. philoxeroides invasion reduced the seedling density of the light-requiring species and the terrestrial species, such as E. crusgalli, which finally impairing the natural seed recovery potential of reed communities. These findings showed new lights on the invasion plant management and the native vegetation restoration.

中文翻译：

---

空心莲子草入侵对芦苇群落土壤种子库的影响

摘要 生物入侵是一个对自然生态系统产生深远影响的全球性环境问题。为了深入了解生物入侵如何影响原生植被的自然恢复潜力，本研究重点研究了不同程度空心莲子草入侵的芦苇（Phragmites australis）群落的土壤种子库。土壤种子库在三种光照条件（遮光、自然光和补充光）和三种水位条件（浸水、3 cm 水淹和 30 cm 水淹）下发芽。对比分析了不同程度的空心草入侵、光照条件和水位对芦苇群落土壤种子库萌发的影响。我们的研究表明，A. 在不到三年的时间里，空心草入侵对湿地芦苇群落土壤种子库的影响显着，水位和光照对入侵的影响有交互作用。补光处理下，非侵入性土壤种子库发芽种数（平均3.78种/箱）显着高于强侵入性土壤种子库（平均2.22种/箱）（N=9，P ≤ 0.05))。浸泡处理下，空心草的入侵显着降低了幼苗密度（从无入侵的平均 905 株/m2 到轻度入侵的平均 363 株/m2 和重度入侵的 313 苗/m2，N = 9，P≤0.05）和物种丰富度（从平均 4.33 种/箱无入侵到平均 3.11 种/箱轻度入侵和 3. 芦苇群落土壤种子库11种/箱，严重入侵，N = 9，P≤0.05)。30 cm水淹处理下，重度侵袭土壤种子库的优势指数显着高于轻度侵袭。遮荫和淹水抑制了土壤种子库的种子萌发。我们还发现 A. philoxeroides 入侵降低了需光物种和陆生物种（如 E. crusgalli）的幼苗密度，最终损害了芦苇群落的自然种子恢复潜力。这些发现为入侵植物管理和本地植被恢复提供了新的线索。重度入侵土壤种子库的优势指数显着高于轻度入侵。遮荫和淹水抑制了土壤种子库的种子萌发。我们还发现 A. philoxeroides 入侵降低了需光物种和陆生物种（如 E. crusgalli）的幼苗密度，最终损害了芦苇群落的自然种子恢复潜力。这些发现为入侵植物管理和本地植被恢复提供了新的线索。重度入侵土壤种子库的优势指数显着高于轻度入侵。遮荫和淹水抑制了土壤种子库的种子萌发。我们还发现 A. philoxeroides 入侵降低了需光物种和陆生物种（如 E. crusgalli）的幼苗密度，最终损害了芦苇群落的自然种子恢复潜力。这些发现为入侵植物管理和本地植被恢复提供了新的线索。这最终损害了芦苇群落的自然种子恢复潜力。这些发现为入侵植物管理和本地植被恢复提供了新的线索。这最终损害了芦苇群落的自然种子恢复潜力。这些发现为入侵植物管理和本地植被恢复提供了新的线索。