This paper presents a novel approach using sulfonated polyethersulfone/zeolitic imidazolate framework (SPES/ZIF-8) porous nanocomposite substrate to enhance the salt rejection and water flux of forward osmosis (FO) membrane. The effect of SPES/ZIF-8 substrate on FO membrane properties containing morphologies, hydrophilicity, water permeability and salt rejection were investigated and completely discussed. Based on the obtained results, the selectivity and permeability of thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membranes can be improved simultaneously through adjusting the both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics. But these two results, is achieved in two different processes and with reverse impacts. After the sulfonation process and using the more hydrophilic polymer (SPES) instead of the neat PES, the porosity and consequently the water flux was increased. Because of more hydrophilicity of SPES which reduces the cross-linking degree of the corresponding polyamide (PA) layer, the salt rejection was reduced. In contrast, after the incorporation of ZIF-8 into the SPES substrate, the salt rejection was increased due to the hydrophobic nature of these nanoparticles (NPs). In terms of both salt rejection and water flux, the sulfonated TFN membrane with 0.5% ZIF-8 NPs (TFN-S0.5 membrane) showed the improved results comparing with the bare Thin-film composite (TFC) membrane. Furthermore, the best result for the ratio of reverse salt flux to water flux (J_s/J_w) as the selectivity parameter, was about 0.16 g/L using 10 mM and 2 M NaCl solutions as the feed solution (FS) and the draw solution (DS), respectively, in the FO experiment. Also, the structural parameter (S) which is believed to have a strong relationship with the internal concentration polarization (ICP), was decreased to 0.39 nm as the best result, after modification of FO membrane.

本文提出了一种使用磺化聚醚砜/沸石咪唑酯骨架（SPES / ZIF-8）多孔纳米复合材料的新型方法来增强正渗透膜的除盐性能和水通量。研究并全面讨论了SPES / ZIF-8底物对FO膜特性（包括形态，亲水性，透水性和脱盐率）的影响。根据获得的结果，可以通过调节亲水和疏水特性同时提高薄膜纳米复合材料（TFN）FO膜的选择性和渗透性。但是，这两个结果是在两个不同的过程中获得的，并且具有相反的影响。经过磺化处理后，使用亲水性更高的聚合物（SPES）代替纯净的PES，孔隙率因此增加了水通量。由于SPES具有更大的亲水性，从而降低了相应聚酰胺（PA）层的交联度，因此减少了盐分。相反，在将ZIF-8掺入SPES底物后，由于这些纳米颗粒（NP）的疏水性，盐分截留率增加了。在除盐和水通量方面，具有0.5％ZIF-8 NPs的磺化TFN膜（TFN-S0.5膜）与裸露的薄膜复合膜相比具有更好的效果。此外，反盐通量与水通量之比的最佳结果（J 将ZIF-8掺入SPES底物后，由于这些纳米颗粒（NP）的疏水性，盐分截留率增加。在除盐率和水通量方面，具有0.5％ZIF-8 NPs的磺化TFN膜（TFN-S0.5膜）与裸露的薄膜复合材料（TFC）膜相比具有改善的效果。此外，反盐通量与水通量之比的最佳结果（J 将ZIF-8掺入SPES底物后，由于这些纳米颗粒（NP）的疏水性，盐分截留率增加。在除盐率和水通量方面，具有0.5％ZIF-8 NPs的磺化TFN膜（TFN-S0.5膜）与裸露的薄膜复合材料（TFC）膜相比具有改善的效果。此外，反盐通量与水通量之比的最佳结果（J在FO实验中，使用10 mM和2 M NaCl溶液分别作为进料溶液（FS）和汲取溶液（DS）作为选择性参数，_s / J _w）为约0.16 g / L。同样，在改性FO膜后，被认为与内部浓度极化（ICP）密切相关的结构参数（S）最好降低到0.39 nm。