This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional (3D) physics-based fire simulation model that employs the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations to realistically emulate the combustion process. Then, we animate the 3D interactive burning processes by rendering a flame under a set of influence factors and with various solid boundaries and obstacles. It is insufficient to simply create a virtual reality-based fire model. Instead, evaluating the similarity and accuracy of the models requires data processing for the virtual flames. In this paper, detailed data are extracted from the simulation results to compute the fire’s geometrical features and the distribution of the density and velocity fields. Using methods for video-based fire detection, some visual features of the simulated-fire videos are extracted and compared with those of real fires. The results show the capability of the physics-based fire model in representing some features of real flames. The proposed quantitative analysis of virtual flames serves to evaluate the similarity between a virtual and a real fire.

本文介绍了基于三维（3D）物理的火仿真模型的开发，该模型采用不可压缩的Navier–Stokes方程来逼真地模拟燃烧过程。然后，我们通过在一组影响因素下并具有各种固体边界和障碍物的情况下渲染火焰，为3D交互式燃烧过程设置动画。仅创建基于虚拟现实的射击模型是不够的。相反，评估模型的相似性和准确性需要对虚拟火焰进行数据处理。在本文中，从模拟结果中提取了详细数据，以计算火的几何特征以及密度和速度场的分布。使用基于视频的火灾探测方法，提取模拟射击视频的一些视觉特征，并将其与真实射击的视觉特征进行比较。结果表明，基于物理的火灾模型具有表示真实火焰某些特征的能力。拟议的虚拟火焰定量分析用于评估虚拟火焰与真实火焰之间的相似性。