Studies on invasive plants focus on their biology with little knowledge over socio-political reasons for invasions. The increasing realization that the socio-political scenario favoring invasion is the primary cause of biological invasion has changed the perception and facilitates to identify policies and pathways alterations which are needed to prevent future invasions. This study attempts to explain the social dimensions of invasion of two major invasive plants of Kerala—Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata. Different literatures—books, journals, popular articles, state manuals, state reports, checklists and personal communications were referred to identify the socio-political reasons for the introduction of these species. The study identified that the solemnity of British to exchange and introduce plants across their empire through Agri-horticultural societies, Botanical Gardens and missionaries provided beneficial situations for the purposeful introduction of L. camara to the Calcutta Botanical Garden, India from London. The study also identified species introduction to the Lalbagh Botanical garden, Bangalore from Sri Lanka. These circumstances also led to the accidental introduction of C. odorata to the Calcutta Botanical Garden along with intentionally introduced plants. Lantana camara was reported from Kerala in 1872 indicating its spread facilitated by the admixture of various agents- missionaries, shifting cultivation, linear intrusions, botanical gardens, human movements and birds. The need of survival during Second World War led to the accidental introduction of C. odorata to Kerala from Assam along with the labourers returning from war. Circumstances during the war period led to the movement of people from Kerala to Assam, Sri Lanka and other War participating countries as labourers and militants.

中文翻译：

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从政治生态学的角度介绍马Lan丹（Lantana camara L.）和金罗宾（Chromolaena odorata）（L.）

入侵植物的研究集中在其生物学上，对入侵的社会政治原因知之甚少。人们日益认识到，有利于入侵的社会政治环境是生物入侵的主要原因，这改变了人们的看法，并有助于确定预防未来入侵所需的政策和途径改变。这项研究试图解释喀拉拉邦两种主要入侵植物-马Lan丹（Lantana camara）和香椿（Chromolaena odorata）的入侵的社会层面。。参考了不同的文献，如书籍，期刊，流行文章，国家手册，国家报告，清单和个人通讯，以查明引入这些物种的社会政治原因。研究发现，英国人庄严地通过农业园艺学会，植物园和传教士在整个帝国范围内交换和引进植物，为有目的地将卡马拉乳杆菌从伦敦引入印度加尔各答植物园提供了有利条件。这项研究还确定了向斯里兰卡班加罗尔的拉尔巴格植物园引入的物种。这些情况还导致意外地将香茅（C. odorata）和故意引入的植物一起引入加尔各答植物园。1872年，喀拉拉邦报道了马tana丹。第二次世界大战期间对生存的需求导致阿索姆特氏梭菌从阿萨姆邦意外地引入喀拉拉邦，以及从战争中返回的工人。战争时期的情况导致人们从喀拉拉邦迁移到阿萨姆邦，斯里兰卡和其他参加战争的国家作为工人和武装分子。