Tripeptide GSH is associated not only with the control and maintenance of redox cell homeostasis, but also with the processes of detoxification, proliferation, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell death. Disruptions in GSH synthesis and changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio are common for many pathological conditions, including malignant neoplasms. Numerous data indicate the importance of GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio in the regulation of tumor cell viability, in the initiation of tumor development, progression, and drug resistance. However, control of the mechanism of GSH synthesis in malignant tumors remains poorly understood. This review discusses the features of GSH synthesis and its regulation in tumor cells. The role of GSH in the mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy is considered.

中文翻译：

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癌细胞中的谷胱甘肽合成

三肽GSH不仅与氧化还原细胞稳态的控制和维持有关，而且与解毒、增殖、细胞分化和调节细胞死亡的过程有关。GSH 合成的中断和 GSH/GSSG 比率的变化在许多病理状况中很常见，包括恶性肿瘤。大量数据表明 GSH 和 GSH/GSSG 比率在调节肿瘤细胞活力、启动肿瘤发展、进展和耐药性方面的重要性。然而，对恶性肿瘤中谷胱甘肽合成机制的控制仍然知之甚少。本综述讨论了谷胱甘肽合成的特征及其在肿瘤细胞中的调控。考虑了 GSH 在细胞凋亡、坏死性凋亡、铁死亡和自噬机制中的作用。