Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long diffusion length, and tunable direct bandgap, and their excellent efficiency was boosted to a certified 25.2% efficiency in 2019. However, due to the presence of a high-density of charge traps in perovskite films, plenty of charge recombination occurs at grain boundaries and defects caused by precursor compositions, the process of preparation and crystal growth, thereby restricting the power conversion efficiency (PCE). At present, interfacial modifications by using additives play an important role in various breakthroughs of PSCs. Herein, the effects of various additives with the main types of functional groups, length and spatial configuration of molecules on interfacial modifications in PSCs are reviewed, and their influences on perovskite crystallization and film formation, defect passivation in the bulk and/or at the surface, stabilities of PSCs, and adjusting the interface of structures and energy levels for device performances are also described and summarized. Finally, an outlook of interfacial modifications is provided on the selection and design of efficient additives with respect to the fabrication and development of highly efficient and stable PSCs.

中文翻译：

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面向高效，稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池的界面改性。

有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）由于具有高吸收系数，高载流子迁移率，长扩散长度和可调节的直接带隙而备受关注，其出色的效率在2019年已提升至认证的25.2％效率。由于钙钛矿薄膜中存在高密度的电荷陷阱，因此在晶界处会发生大量的电荷复合，以及由前体组成，制备过程和晶体生长引起的缺陷，从而限制了功率转换效率（PCE）。目前，通过使用添加剂进行的界面改性在PSC的各种突破中起着重要作用。在此，各种添加剂对主要官能团类型的影响 综述了PSC中界面修饰分子的长度和空间构型，以及它们对钙钛矿结晶和成膜，本体和/或表面缺陷钝化，PSC的稳定性以及调节结构界面和能级的影响。还描述并总结了设备性能。最后，关于高效添加剂的选择和设计，以及高效，稳定的PSC的制备和开发，提供了界面修饰的观点。