Nonlinear electromagnetic gyrokinetic equations have been constructed without expanding the field variables into background and finite but small-amplitude fluctuating components. At the long-wavelength limit, these unexpanded nonlinear gyrokinetic equations recover the well-known drift-kinetic equations. At the expanded limit, they recover the usual nonlinear gyrokinetic equations. These equations can therefore be applied to long-term simulations covering from microscopic to macroscopic spatial scales.

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磁化等离子体的未展开非线性电磁动力动力学方程

在不将场变量扩展为背景和有限但幅度较小的波动分量的情况下，已构建了非线性电磁动力方程。在长波长极限下，这些未扩展的非线性陀螺动力学方程恢复了众所周知的漂移动力学方程。在扩展极限下，它们恢复了通常的非线性陀螺动力学方程。因此，这些方程式可以应用于从微观到宏观空间尺度的长期模拟。