Biological methods for leaching of nonferrous and noble metals from its sulfide ores are widely applied at industrial enterprises of different countries. This process is based on the use of the oxidative activity of acidophilic microorganisms. Since all bio systems are quite sensitive to the temperature, bacterial leaching process also significantly effects. In the present study, the impact of temperature on bacterial leaching of Zn from its sulphide ore, sphalerite, was investigated using ore adapted iron oxidizing bacteria. The bacteria were isolated from mine drainage samples and subjected to gene sequencing. The acquired nucleotide sequence revealed that the isolate was Leptospirillum ferriphilum. The nucleotide sequence of L. ferriphilum isolate was submitted to National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and accession number KF743135 was assigned. Using the isolate, the Zn leaching data were collected in the 298–318 K temperature range. The results showed that leaching of Zn increases with temperature until optimum temperature of 313 K and achieves highest leaching efficiency of 96.96% within 20 days. Since bioleaching of minerals have become increasingly applied in different mining industries, there is immense important to analyze mechanistically-based kinetics for the design, optimization, operation, and control of biochemical processes. The kinetic study showed that the rate of Zn leaching was maximized at the optimum temperature. Further, the leaching data were analyzed using shrinking core model which revealed that the rate of leaching was inhibited by diffusion through product layer. Reaction kinetics is also to be contrasted with thermodynamics. Using Arrhenius law of thermodynamics, it was found that activation energy for Zn bioleaching reaction was 39.557 kJ mol−1. Such investigations will be necessitated for designing and implanting the ideal bioleaching system for metal bio-mining industries.

中文翻译：

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用费氏钩端螺旋体从闪锌矿中生物浸出锌：温度和动力学方面的影响

从硫化矿中浸提有色金属和贵金属的生物方法已广泛应用于不同国家的工业企业。该过程基于嗜酸性微生物的氧化活性的使用。由于所有生物系统对温度都非常敏感，因此细菌浸出过程也会产生显着影响。在本研究中，使用适合矿石的铁氧化细菌研究了温度对锌从硫化矿闪锌矿中浸出细菌的影响。从矿井排水样品中分离出细菌并进行基因测序。获得的核苷酸序列表明分离物是费氏钩端螺旋体。L的核苷酸序列。铁蛋白分离株已提交给国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI），登录号为KF743135。使用分离物，在298–318 K温度范围内收集了Zn浸出数据。结果表明，锌的浸出量随着温度的升高而增加，直至最佳温度313 K，并在20天内达到96.96％的最高浸出效率。由于矿物的生物浸出已越来越多地应用于不同的采矿行业，因此分析基于力学的动力学对于生化过程的设计，优化，操作和控制非常重要。动力学研究表明，在最佳温度下，锌的浸出速率最大。进一步，利用收缩核模型分析了浸出数据，结果表明浸出速率受到产物层扩散的抑制。反应动力学也应与热力学进行对比。根据热力学阿伦尼乌斯定律，发现锌生物浸出反应的活化能为39.557 kJ mol-1。对于金属生物采矿业设计和植入理想的生物浸出系统，将需要进行此类研究。