Prior research on alcohol and the immune system has tended to focus on binge doses or chronic heavy drinking. The aim of this single-session preliminary study was to characterize immune response to moderate alcohol (0.60 g alcohol per kilogram body weight) in healthy, nonchronic drinkers. The sample (N = 11) averaged 26.6 years of age and was balanced in gender. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2 and 3 hours postconsumption. Markers of microbial translocation [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and innate immune response [LPS-binding protein (LBP), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), and selected cytokines] were measured using immunoassays. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on subjective alcohol response and craving. Linear mixed models were used to assess changes in biomarkers and self-report measures. Breath alcohol concentration peaked at 0.069 ± 0.008% 1 hour postconsumption. LPS showed a significant linear decrease. LBP and sCD14 showed significant, nonlinear (U-shaped) trajectories wherein levels decreased at 1 hour then rebounded by 3 hours. Of nine cytokines tested, only MCP-1 and IL-8 were detectable in ≥50% of samples. IL-8 did not change significantly. MCP-1 showed a significant linear decrease and also accounted for significant variance in alcohol craving, with higher levels associated with stronger craving. Results offer novel evidence on acute immune response to moderate alcohol. Changes in LBP and sCD14, relative to LPS, may reflect their role in LPS clearance. Results also support further investigation into the role of MCP-1 in alcohol craving. Limitations include small sample size and lack of a placebo condition.

中文翻译：

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健康年轻人对急性中等剂量酒精的免疫反应。

先前对酒精和免疫系统的研究往往集中在暴饮暴食或长期大量饮酒上。这项单期初步研究的目的是描述健康、非慢性饮酒者对适度酒精（每公斤体重 0.60 克酒精）的免疫反应。样本（N = 11) 平均年龄为 26.6 岁，性别平衡。在基线和消费后 1、2 和 3 小时收集血浆样本。使用免疫测定法测量微生物易位标志物 [脂多糖 (LPS)] 和先天免疫反应 [LPS 结合蛋白 (LBP)、可溶性分化簇 14 (sCD14) 和选定的细胞因子]。参与者完成了关于主观酒精反应和渴望的自我报告问卷。线性混合模型用于评估生物标志物和自我报告措施的变化。饮用后 1 小时，呼气酒精浓度达到峰值 0.069 ± 0.008%。LPS表现出显着的线性下降。LBP 和 sCD14 显示出显着的非线性（U 形）轨迹，其中水平在 1 小时下降，然后在 3 小时反弹。在测试的九种细胞因子中，≥50% 的样品中仅可检测到 MCP-1 和 IL-8。IL-8 没有显着变化。MCP-1 显示出显着的线性下降，并且也解释了酒精渴望的显着差异，较高的水平与更强的渴望相关。结果提供了对适度酒精的急性免疫反应的新证据。LBP 和 sCD14 相对于 LPS 的变化可能反映了它们在 LPS 清除中的作用。结果还支持进一步研究 MCP-1 在酒精渴望中的作用。局限性包括样本量小和缺乏安慰剂条件。LBP 和 sCD14 相对于 LPS 的变化可能反映了它们在 LPS 清除中的作用。结果还支持进一步研究 MCP-1 在酒精渴望中的作用。局限性包括样本量小和缺乏安慰剂条件。LBP 和 sCD14 相对于 LPS 的变化可能反映了它们在 LPS 清除中的作用。结果还支持进一步研究 MCP-1 在酒精渴望中的作用。局限性包括样本量小和缺乏安慰剂条件。