Abstract Malignant melanoma (MM) is a cancerous transformation of melanocytes. It is a disease with the worst response to therapy and, compared to other malignancies, presents much earlier with metastases. MM still belongs to relatively late-detected malignant diseases. Even so, the MM mortality rate is up to 96% for a relatively small incidence (5%). The gold standard for MM diagnosis is a histopathological examination that requires invasive surgery. An invasive sampling method of a biological material can be a stressful factor for the patient, which is often the reason why patients do not seek medical assistance as soon as possible. Our goal was to find a link between metabolites in urine and the stage of MM. Two excitation peaks at 360–370 nm and 450 nm were characterised in spectra of urine samples. The emission spectra have shown one significant peak at 410–460 nm. After addition of glutathione reductase to the samples, fluorescence dropped down only in patient samples and hidden fluorophores appeared. Malignant diseases are associated with the presence of specific metabolites that can be detected fluorescently in biological material such as urine, which can be a suitable alternative for an early detection of cancer or for tracking changes during and after treatment.

中文翻译：

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尿液中可检测到的恶性黑色素瘤的荧光生物标志物

摘要 恶性黑色素瘤（MM）是黑色素细胞的癌变。它是一种对治疗反应最差的疾病，与其他恶性肿瘤相比，发生转移的时间要早​​得多。MM仍属于较晚发现的恶性疾病。即便如此，对于相对较小的发病率（5%），MM 死亡率高达 96%。MM 诊断的金标准是需要侵入性手术的组织病理学检查。生物材料的侵入性采样方法可能是患者的压力因素，这通常是患者不尽快寻求医疗帮助的原因。我们的目标是找到尿液中的代谢物与 MM 阶段之间的联系。在 360-370 nm 和 450 nm 处的两个激发峰在尿样光谱中表征。发射光谱在 410-460 nm 处显示出一个明显的峰值。在向样品中加入谷胱甘肽还原酶后，仅在患者样品中荧光下降并出现隐藏的荧光团。恶性肿瘤与特定代谢物的存在有关，这些代谢物可以在尿液等生物材料中进行荧光检测，这可能是早期检测癌症或跟踪治疗期间和之后的变化的合适替代方案。