Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMFs) (1–300 Hz) have been found to have practical applications in biological research. A case in point is the effect of ELF‐EMF on the regulation of cell fate. In this study, we investigated the correlation between ELF‐EMF stimulation of PPARγ to the stemness, tumorigenicity, and invasiveness of breast cancer stem cells in vitro. The CD44⁺/CD24⁻ subpopulation of the breast CSCs was isolated from the MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell line. The CSCs were then exposed to ELF‐EMF and further assays were carried out. ELF‐EMF increased the expression of PPARγ and other critical proteins leading to cell cycle arrest and reduced stemness as evidenced by decreased expression of stemness genes and reduced proliferation rate in ELF‐EMF‐exposed CSCs compared to that in nonexposed CSCs. There was a decrease in the tumor‐forming and invasion ability of CSCs that were exposed to ELF‐EMFs.

中文翻译：

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极低频电磁场改变了PPARγ和CCL2水平并抑制了CD44 + / CD24−乳腺癌细胞的特性

已发现极低频电磁场（ELF-EMF）（1-300 Hz）在生物学研究中具有实际应用。一个典型的例子是ELF-EMF对细胞命运调控的影响。在这项研究中，我们研究了ELF‐EMF刺激PPARγ与乳腺癌干细胞的干性，致瘤性和侵袭性之间的相关性。该CD44 ⁺ / CD24 ^-乳腺癌CSC的亚群是从MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系中分离出来的。然后将CSC暴露于ELF-EMF，并进行进一步的测定。ELF‐EMF与未暴露的CSC相比，暴露于ELF‐EMF的CSC中茎基因的表达减少和增殖速率降低，证明了PPARγ和其他关键蛋白的表达导致细胞周期停滞和茎干减少。暴露于ELF-EMFs的CSCs的肿瘤形成和侵袭能力下降。