Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the main South American fish in continental aquaculture. However, its production has been hampered by acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. In this study, we evaluated the antiparasitic potential of five oleoresins (ORs): Copaifera duckei, Copaifera pubiflora, Copaifera reticulata, Copaifera paupera and Copaifera multijuga, as a novel treatment against N. buttnerae, describing their mode of action by histology of the parasite and their toxicity to the host. In in vitro assays, parasites were exposed to three concentrations (0.0467, 0.0934 and 0.1868 mg/ml) of ORs. At the lowest concentration tested (0.0467 mg/ml), none of the ORs had a significant effect on acanthocephalans (p > .05). At the intermediate concentration (0.0934 mg/ml), C. duckei, C. pubiflora and C. reticulata were significantly (p < .05) more effective than C. paupera and C. multijuga. At the highest concentration (0.1868 mg/ml), all species of Copaifera resulted in 100% mortality of the parasites after 24 hr, except C. multijuga. Acanthocephalans killed by the ORs showed generalized vacuolization in the tissues with abnormal accumulation of fluid (remarkable body swelling). We were able to relate the antiparasitic effect of ORs to their composition (ORs with highest concentration of diterpenes were most effective). In toxicity testing, tambaqui were exposed to the three most effective ORs (C. duckei, C. pubiflora and C. reticulata). All were classified as moderately toxic. In vitro and in vivo tests showed that Amazon ORs have the potential to be included in a list of products for therapeutic purposes in aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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Copaifera oleoresins作为水产养殖中对抗棘头动物的新型天然产物：作用方式和毒性的见解

Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum是南美大陆水产养殖中的主要鱼类。然而，它的生产已被棘脑新棘皮虫（Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae）阻碍了。在这项研究中，我们评估了五种油树脂（ORs）的抗寄生虫潜能：一种新型的抗Buttnerae病的治疗方法，它们是杜鹃花（Copifera duckei），古柏Copifera pubiflora，网纹Copifera reticulata，Copaifera paupera和Copaifera multijuga 。通过寄生虫的组织学及其对宿主的毒性来描述它们的作用方式。在体外测定中，将寄生虫暴露于三种浓度（0.0467、0.0934和0.1868 mg / ml）的ORs。在最低测试浓度（0.0467 mg / ml）下，所有ORs对棘头动物均无显着影响（p  > .05）。在中间浓度（0.0934毫克/毫升），C. duckei，C. pubiflora和C.马丁均显著（p  <0.05）比更有效C. paupera和C. multijuga。在最高浓度（0.1868 mg / ml）下，除24小时外，所有物种的Copaifera均导致100％的寄生虫死亡。C.multijuga。被ORs杀死的棘头动物在组织中出现了普遍的空泡现象，体液异常积聚（明显的肿胀）。我们能够将OR的抗寄生虫效果与其组成联系起来（二萜浓度最高的OR最有效）。在毒性测试，坦巴基暴露于三个最有效的OR（C. duckei，C. pubiflora和C.马丁）。所有被归类为中毒。体外和体内试验表明，亚马逊水产养殖场有可能被列入水产养殖中用于治疗目的的产品列表中。