Efficient hole transport layer (HTL) is crucial for realizing efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, nickel‐oxide (NiO_X) thin‐films are investigated as a potential HTL for PSCs. The NiO_X films are prepared by electron‐beam physical vapor deposition at low temperatures. The crystalline properties and the work function are determined by X‐ray diffraction and photoelectric yield spectroscopy. The transmission and the complex refractive index of the films are determined by optical spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Furthermore, PSCs are fabricated and characterized. The short‐circuit current density (J_sc) of the PSC is limited by the optical loss due to the NiOx front contact. The optical losses of the front contact are quantified by optical simulations using finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, and a solar cell structure with improved light incoupling is designed. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of the solar cell are simulated by finite element method simulations. As a result, it is found that the optical losses can be reduced by 70%, and the light incoupling can be improved so that the J_SC can be increased by up to 12%, allowing for the realization of PSCs with an energy conversion efficiency of 22%. Findings from the numerical simulations are compared with experimentally realized results.

中文翻译：

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高效钙钛矿太阳能电池用氧化镍薄膜的电学和光学性质

高效的空穴传输层（HTL）对于实现高效的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）至关重要。在这项研究中，研究了氧化镍（NiO _X）薄膜作为PSC的潜在HTL。NiO _X膜是在低温下通过电子束物理气相沉积制备的。晶体性质和功函数由X射线衍射和光电收率光谱法确定。膜的透射率和复折射率通过光谱学和椭圆偏振法确定。此外，PSC被制造和表征。短路电流密度（J _sc由于NiOx正面接触，光损耗限制了PSC的）。通过使用有限差分时域仿真的光学仿真来量化前触点的光学损耗，并设计出具有改善的光耦合的太阳能电池结构。此外，通过有限元方法模拟来模拟太阳能电池的电特性。结果，发现可以将光学损耗降低70％，并且可以改善光的耦合，从而可以将J _SC最多提高12％，从而实现具有能量转换效率的PSC。占22％。将数值模拟的发现与实验实现的结果进行比较。