Plague, caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, has several foci scattered throughout a large area from the Brazilian territory that ranges from the Northeastern State of Ceará to the Southeastern State of Minas Gerais and another separated area at the State of Rio de Janeiro. This review gathers data from plague control and surveillance programs on the occurrence and geographic distribution of rodent hosts and flea vectors in the Brazilian plague areas during the period of from 1952 to 2019. Furthermore, we discuss how the interaction between Y. pestis and some rodent host species may play a role in the disease dynamics. The absence of human cases nowadays in Brazil does not mean that it was eradicated. The dynamics of plague in Brazil and in other countries where it was introduced during the 3rd pandemic are quite alike, alternating epidemics with decades of quiescence. Hence, it remains an important epidemic disease of global concern. The existence of a large animal reservoir and competent vectors demonstrate a need for continuous surveillance to prevent new outbreaks of this disease in humans.

中文翻译：

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巴西鼠疫疫源地的啮齿动物宿主和跳蚤媒介：综述

由鼠疫耶尔森氏菌引起的鼠疫有几个疫源地，分布在从巴西东北部塞阿拉州到东南部米纳斯吉拉斯州和里约热内卢州的另一个独立地区的巴西领土的大片区域。本综述从鼠疫控制和监测项目中收集了 1952 年至 2019 年期间巴西鼠疫区啮齿动物宿主和跳蚤媒介的发生和地理分布的数据。此外，我们讨论了鼠疫耶尔森菌之间的相互作用一些啮齿动物宿主物种可能在疾病动态中发挥作用。现在巴西没有人类病例并不意味着它已经被根除。巴西和在第三次大流行期间引入鼠疫的其他国家的鼠疫动态非常相似，交替流行与数十年的静止。因此，它仍然是全球关注的重要流行病。大型动物宿主和有能力的载体的存在表明需要持续监测以防止这种疾病在人类中的新爆发。