Abnormal fetal movements are implicated in joint pathologies such as arthrogryposis and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Experimentally induced paralysis disrupts joint cavitation and morphogenesis leading to postnatal abnormalities. However, the developmental window(s) most sensitive to immobility—and therefore the best time for intervention—have never been identified. Here, we systematically vary the timing and duration of paralysis during early chick hip joint development. We then test whether external manipulation of immobilized limbs can mitigate the effects of immobility.

中文翻译：

---

量化鸡髋关节发育对暂时性麻痹的耐受性和恢复的潜力

胎儿运动异常与关节病变有关，例如关节弯曲和髋关节发育不良 (DDH)。实验诱导的瘫痪会破坏关节空化和形态发生，导致出生后异常。然而，对不动最敏感的发育窗口——因此是干预的最佳时间——从未被确定。在这里，我们系统地改变早期雏鸡髋关节发育期间瘫痪的时间和持续时间。然后，我们测试固定肢体的外部操作是否可以减轻固定的影响。