Purpose

To estimate the prevalence and determine risk factors for dry eye disease (DED) in geographically diverse regions of India.

Method

A population based cross-sectional study was conducted on people aged ≥40 years in plain, hilly and coastal areas. Dry eye assessment by objective [tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer I, corneal staining] and subjective [Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)] parameters was performed with questionnaire-based assessment of exposure to sunlight, cigarette smoke, indoor smoke. The prevalence of DED with age, sex, occupation, location, smoking, exposure to sunlight, indoor smoke, diabetes, hypertension, was subjected to logistic regression analysis.

Results

9,735 people (age 54.5 ± 0.1 years; range 40–99, males 45.5%) were included. The prevalence of DED was 26.2%, was higher in plains (41.3%) compared to hilly (24.0%) and coastal area (9.9%) (p < 0.001) and increased with age (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001), smoking (p < 0.001), indoor smoke (p < 0.001), diabetes (p-0.02), hypertension (0.001), occupations with predominant outdoor activity (p-0.013) and increasing exposure to sunlight (trend). Multi-logistic regression showed a positive association with female sex (OR-1.2, CI-1.01, 1.4), exposure to indoor smoke (OR-1.3, CI-1.1, 1.5), smoking (OR-1.2; CI-1.03, 1.3), prolonged exposure to sunlight (OR-1.8, CI-1.5, 2.2), hypertension (OR 1.3, CI-1.2, 1.4), diabetes (OR-1.2, CI-1, 1.5) and negative association with region - hilly (OR-0.5, CI-0.4, 0.6) and coastal (OR-0.2; CI-0.1, 0.2), and BMI (OR-0.8, CI-0.7, 0.9).

Conclusion

DED is common in population ≥40 years of age. Its prevalence is affected by extrinsic (geographic location, exposure to sunlight, smoking, indoor smoke) and intrinsic (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, BMI) factors.

中文翻译：

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印度地理上不同的成年（≥40岁）人口中的干眼病与阳光照射的关联：SEED（阳光照射，环境和干眼病）研究-ICMR-EYE SEE研究小组的第二份报告。

目的

估计印度不同地理区域的干眼病（DED）患病率并确定危险因素。

方法

在平原，丘陵和沿海地区，对年龄≥40岁的人群进行了基于人群的横断面研究。通过客观的[泪膜破裂时间（TBUT），Schirmer I，角膜染色]和主观的[眼表疾病指数（OSDI）]参数进行干眼评估，并采用基于问卷的评估方法，以评估其暴露于阳光，香烟烟雾，室内抽烟。对年龄，性别，职业，位置，吸烟，暴露于阳光，室内烟雾，糖尿病，高血压的DED患病率进行logistic回归分析。

结果

纳入9,735人（年龄为54.5±0.1岁；年龄范围为40-99，男性为45.5％）。DED的患病率为26.2％，在平原（41.3％）高于丘陵（24.0％）和沿海地区（9.9％）（p <0.001），并且随着年龄的增长（p <0.001），女性（p <0.001） 0.001），吸烟（p <0.001），室内烟雾（p <0.001），糖尿病（p-0.02），高血压（0.001），主要从事户外活动的职业（p-0.013）和日照增加（趋势）。多元逻辑回归显示与女性（OR-1.2，CI-1.01，1.4），暴露于室内烟雾（OR-1.3，CI-1.1，1.5），吸烟（OR-1.2; CI-1.03，1.3）呈正相关），长时间暴露在阳光下（OR-1.8，CI-1.5、2.2），高血压（OR 1.3，CI-1.2、1.4），糖尿病（OR-1.2，CI-1、1.5）以及与地区的负相关-丘陵（ OR-0.5，CI-0.4、0.6）和沿海地区（OR-0.2； CI-0.1，

结论

DED在≥40岁的人群中很常见。其流行程度受外在因素（地理位置，暴露于阳光，吸烟，室内烟雾）和内在因素（年龄，性别，高血压，糖尿病，BMI）的影响。