The purpose of this work is to highlight the effects of ionizing radiation on the genetic material in higher plants by assessing both adaptive processes as well as the evolution of plant species. The effects that the ionizing radiation has on greenery following a nuclear accident, was examined by taking the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster as a case study. The genetic and evolutionary effects that ionizing radiation had on plants after the Chernobyl accident were highlighted. The response of biota to Chernobyl irradiation was a complex interaction among radiation dose, dose rate, temporal and spatial variation, varying radiation sensitivities of the different plants’ species, and indirect effects from other events. Ionizing radiation causes water radiolysis, generating highly reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce the rapid activation of detoxifying enzymes. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) is the object of an attack by both, the hydroxyl ions and the radiation itself, thus triggering a mechanism both direct and indirect. The effects on DNA are harmful to the organism and the long-term development of the species. Dose-dependent aberrations in chromosomes are often observed after irradiation. Although multiple DNA repair mechanisms exist, double-strand breaks (DSBs or DNA-DSBs) are often subject to errors. Plants DSBs repair mechanisms mainly involve homologous and non-homologous dependent systems, the latter especially causing a loss of genetic information. Repeated ionizing radiation (acute or chronic) ensures that plants adapt, demonstrating radioresistance. An adaptive response has been suggested for this phenomenon. As a result, ionizing radiation influences the genetic structure, especially during chronic irradiation, reducing genetic variability. This reduction may be associated with the fact that particular plant species are more subject to chronic stress, confirming the adaptive theory. Therefore, the genomic effects of ionizing radiation demonstrate their likely involvement in the evolution of plant species.

这项工作的目的是通过评估适应性过程以及植物物种的进化来突出电离辐射对高等植物遗传物质的影响。以切尔诺贝利核电站灾难为例研究了核事故后电离辐射对绿化的影响。切尔诺贝利事故后，电离辐射对植物的遗传和进化影响得到了强调。生物群对切尔诺贝利辐射的响应是辐射剂量，剂量率，时间和空间变化，不同植物物种的辐射敏感性变化以及其他事件的间接影响之间的复杂相互作用。电离辐射会导致水分解，产生高反应性氧（ROS）。ROS诱导排毒酶的快速活化。脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）是氢氧离子和辐射本身共同攻击的对象，因此触发了直接和间接的机制。对DNA的影响对生物和物种的长期发展有害。照射后通常观察到染色体中的剂量依赖性畸变。尽管存在多种DNA修复机制，但双链断裂（DSB或DNA-DSB）通常容易出错。植物DSB的修复机制主要涉及同源和非同源依赖性系统，后者尤其引起遗传信息的丢失。重复的电离辐射（急性或慢性）可确保植物适应环境，表现出抗辐射性。对于这种现象已经提出了一种适应性反应。结果是，电离辐射会影响遗传结构，尤其是在长期辐射过程中，从而降低遗传变异性。这种减少可能与特定植物物种更容易遭受长期胁迫这一事实有关，从而证实了适应性理论。因此，电离辐射的基因组效应表明它们可能参与了植物物种的进化。