Building evacuation strategies directly affect the success of an emergency response plan in reaction to a disastrous event in a building. Evacuation alternatives result from applying time delays or altering path planning in the evacuation strategy. The best strategy for evacuation depends on the characteristics of the building, circumstances of the particular emergency, and reactions of the evacuees during the emergency. A real-time evacuation management model that identifies the fire hazard, contemplates possibilities, foresees consequences, and eventually proposes the best strategy of evacuation during the emergency can reduce the risk of a failed evacuation. In this paper, a real-time model is proposed, whose main goal is to discover the safest strategy of path-planning at every instant of time during an evacuation. The model focuses on fire emergencies, as they are the dominant cause of fatalities in buildings compared to other types of natural and manmade disasters. The proposed model first defines a risk factor for each compartment based on the location of the fire and any potential blockages caused by structural collapse or door malfunction. The lowest risk path is then calculated based on a modified Dijkstra's algorithm. The model is developed and implemented such that it conforms to the Active Dynamic Signage System (ADSS). Herein, a model is designed to monitor the building in real-time and in case of any unexpected event, changes to the evacuation strategy are communicated to occupants using ADSS. The case study shows that the proposed model for real-time evacuation management can significantly enhance the safety level of evacuation compared to the conventional shortest path evacuation plan.

建筑物的疏散策略直接影响应急响应计划对建筑物中的灾难性事件的反应。通过在疏散策略中应用时间延迟或更改路径规划，可以产生疏散替代方案。最好的疏散策略取决于建筑物的特性，特定紧急情况的情况以及紧急情况下疏散人员的反应。实时疏散管理模型可以识别火灾隐患，考虑可能性，预见后果并最终提出紧急情况下的最佳疏散策略，可以减少疏散失败的风险。本文提出了一种实时模型，其主要目的是在疏散过程中的每个时刻发现最安全的路径规划策略。该模型着重于火灾紧急情况，因为与其他类型的自然和人为灾难相比，火灾是建筑物死亡的主要原因。拟议的模型首先根据火灾的发生位置以及由于结构坍塌或门故障引起的任何潜在障碍物，为每个舱室定义一个危险因素。然后根据改进的Dijkstra算法计算出最低风险路径。该模型的开发和实施使其符合Active Dynamic Signage System（ADSS）。这里，设计了一种模型来实时监控建筑物，如果发生任何意外事件，则使用ADSS将疏散策略的更改传达给居住者。