Chorea is defined by the presence of abnormal, involuntary, continuous, random movements that results from a number of autoimmune, hereditary, vascular, metabolic, drug-induced and functional (psychogenic) causes. Chorea may present at all stages of life, from newborns to elderly individuals. While Huntington disease is the main suspicion in adults presenting with chorea, once a drug-induced or parkinsonian dyskinesia have been ruled out; Huntington disease exceptionally presents with chorea in children. Sydenham chorea is considered the most common cause of acute childhood-onset chorea, but its prevalence has decreased in Western countries. However, in younger children other etiologies such as dyskinetic cerebral palsy, anti-NMDAR receptor encephalitis, other autoimmune conditions, or mutations in NKX2-1, ADCY-5, FOXG1, GNAO1, GPR88, SLC2A1, SQSTM1, ATP8A2, or SYT-1 should be considered. In this manuscript, we review the main causes, diagnosis and management of chorea in children.

舞蹈病的定义是存在由多种自身免疫性、遗传性、血管性、代谢性、药物诱导性和功能性（心因性）原因引起的异常、非自愿、连续、随机运动。舞蹈症可能出现在生命的各个阶段，从新生儿到老年人。虽然亨廷顿病是患有舞蹈病的成年人的主要怀疑，但一旦排除了药物引起的或帕金森病的运动障碍；亨廷顿病特别表现为儿童舞蹈症。Sydenham 舞蹈病被认为是儿童期急性舞蹈病的最常见原因，但在西方国家其患病率有所下降。然而，在年幼的儿童中，其他病因如运动障碍性脑瘫、抗 NMDAR 受体脑炎、其他自身免疫性疾病或 NKX2-1、ADCY-5、FOXG1、GNAO1、GPR88、SLC2A1 突变，应考虑 SQSTM1、ATP8A2 或 SYT-1。在这篇手稿中，我们回顾了儿童舞蹈症的主要原因、诊断和治疗。