Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of fractures, mainly due to impaired bone architecture and microvascular complications. Whether DM is also associated with increased risk of sarcopenia is not yet known, with studies yielding inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to systematically review and synthesize the best available evidence regarding the association between DM and sarcopenia risk. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Scopus databases. Data are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The I² index was employed for heterogeneity. Only studies which had implemented at least two of the three criteria for sarcopenia diagnosis (low muscle mass, muscle strength and/or muscle performance), as defined by the international studying groups, were included. Fifteen studies fulfilled eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 1832 patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and 1159 cases of sarcopenia. Patients with T2DM demonstrated a higher risk of sarcopenia compared with euglycemic subjects (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.25–1.91, p < 0.001; I² 34.6%). This risk remained significant when analysis was restricted to studies matched for age and sex. Sarcopenia risk was independent of disease definition or study design. Notably, T2DM patients presented lower muscle performance and strength compared with euglycemic subjects, whereas no difference in muscle mass was observed between groups. Patients with T2DM have an increased risk of sarcopenia compared with euglycemic subjects.

糖尿病（DM）与骨折风险增加有关，这主要归因于骨骼结构受损和微血管并发症。尚不清楚DM是否也与肌肉减少症的风险增加相关，研究尚无定论。这项研究的目的是系统地审查和综合有关DM和少肌症风险之间的关联的最佳可用证据。在PubMed，CENTRAL和Scopus数据库中进行了全面搜索。数据表示为具有95％置信区间（CI）的优势比（OR）。在我²指标用于异质性。仅纳入已实施国际研究小组定义的肌肉减少症诊断的三个标准（低肌肉质量，肌肉力量和/或肌肉性能）中的至少两个标准的研究。十五项研究符合入选标准，共产生1832例2型DM（T2DM）和1159例少肌症。与正常血糖受试者相比，患有T2DM的患者显示出少肌症的风险更高（OR 1.55，95％CI 1.25–1.91，p  <0.001；I ²34.6％）。当分析仅限于年龄和性别匹配的研究时，这种风险仍然很大。肌肉减少症的风险与疾病定义或研究设计无关。值得注意的是，与血糖正常的受试者相比，T2DM患者的肌肉表现和力量较低，而两组之间的肌肉质量没有差异。与正常血糖受试者相比，T2DM患者的肌肉减少症风险增加。