Many soil types in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein (North Germany) are naturally compacted in the subsoil due to pedo- or geogenic processes (42% of the area) but, due to anthropogenic impacts, the percentage of subsoil compaction has increased further. To determine the overall subsoil compaction status of seven representative soil types in Schleswig-Holstein (≤ 60 cm depth), air capacity (AC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) and effective bulk density (ρ_Beff) of 342 soil profiles from the database of the State Agency for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of Schleswig-Holstein (LLUR) were evaluated with respect to critical threshold values (AC < 5 Vol.-%, K_s < 10 cm day⁻¹, ρ_Beff > 1.7 g cm⁻³). The compaction status was classified into Classes I–IV, where a harmful subsoil compaction was assumed if both values of AC and K_s simultaneously exceeded (are smaller than) their threshold value (Class IV). Subsoils of (Stagnic) Luvisols and Stagnosols derived from glacial till, as well as those of Fluvic Gleyic Stagnosols of the marshlands, showed a high degree of natural compaction (46%–65% in Class IV). In contrast, sandy subsoil horizons of Podzols and Brunic Arenosols derived from glacifluvial sediments were rarely compacted (< 13% in Class IV), and possessed the lowest ρ_Beff, which were similar to Anthrosols. Only 5%–18% of their subsoil horizons exceeded the critical value of 1.7 g cm⁻³. Additionally, anthropogenic subsoil compaction of at least 6%–10% was verified for (Stagnic) Luvisols and Stagnosols.

中文翻译：

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德国北部（石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州）的自然和人为压实：有害底土压实的验证

石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州（德国北部）的许多土壤类型由于土壤成因或地质过程（占该地区的 42%）在底土中自然压实，但由于人为影响，底土压实的百分比进一步增加. 确定石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州 7 种代表性土壤类型的整体底土压实状态（≤ 60 cm 深度）、空气容量 (AC)、饱和导水率 (K _s ) 和有效容重 (ρ _Beff ) 的 342 个土壤剖面来自石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州农业、环境和农村地区管理局 (LLUR) 的数据库评估了临界阈值 (AC < 5 Vol.-%, K _s < 10 cm day ^-1 , ρ _Beff > 1.7 g cm ^-3 )。压实状态分为 I-IV 类，如果 AC 和 K _{s 的}值同时超过（小于）它们的阈值（IV 类），则认为是有害的底土压实。(Stagnic) Luvisols 和源自冰川的 Stagnosols 以及沼泽地的 Fluvic Gleyic Stagnosols 的底土显示出高度的自然压实（IV 级为 46%–65%）。相比之下，源自冰川沉积物的 Podzols 和 Brunic Arenosols 的沙质底土层很少被压实（IV 类中 < 13%），并且具有最低的 ρ _Beff，与_Anthrosols相似。只有 5%–18% 的底土层超过了 1.7 g cm ^-3的临界值. 此外，证实了（Stagnic）Luvisols 和 Stagnosols 的人为底土压实度至少为 6%–10%。