Typhoid is a distinct gastrointestinal disease that largely affects the public by consumption of inadequately or partially cooked eggs from contaminated laying hen farms. This has led the research on laying hens to focus on controlling the contamination by an effective anti-Salmonella spp. agent in the intestine. The treatments included, control, without challenge; PC, Salmonella typhimurium challenged (STC); BP5, 5 ppm bacteriophage/kg + STC; BP10, 10 ppm bacteriophage/kg + STC, on Salmonella shedding, body organs inflammatory reactions, and expression of toll-like receptor (TLR), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and heat shock protein (HSP) in the jejunum, liver,and thigh muscle in the STC laying hens. The RT-PCR method was used to enumerate the number of Salmonella typhimurium in the organs. The birds in the STC groups exhibited the increased population of Salmonella spp. in the excreta (p < .01). In the STC groups, the BP5 and BP10 laying hens exhibited a lower (p < .01) population of Salmonella spp. in the excreta at d 7 after STC. Supplementation of bacteriophage significantly decreased (p < .01) the colonization of S. Typhimurium in the spleen, oviduct, caecum and excreta. Among the STC treatments, the BP10 laying hens showed lower (p < .01) mRNA expression of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and TLR-4 in the jejunum compared with the PC treatment. After the STC, dietary supplementation with BP5 or BP10 decreased (p < .01) the mRNA expressions of IFNγ, HSP-27 and tumour necrosis factor-α in the liver compared with the PC treatment. These results suggest that bacteriophage can be used as an effective agent to decrease S. Typhimurium contamination in laying hens and possibly lower S. Typhimurium transfer to foods.

中文翻译：

---

抗沙门氏菌的影响。鼠伤寒杆菌噬菌体对蛋鸡肠道菌群及免疫状态的影响

伤寒是一种独特的胃肠道疾病，主要通过食用来自受污染蛋鸡场的未充分或部分煮熟的鸡蛋而影响公众。这导致对蛋鸡的研究集中在控制有效抗沙门氏菌的污染上。肠道内的药剂。处理包括对照、无挑战；PC，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌挑战（STC）；BP5，5 ppm 噬菌体/kg + STC；BP10，10 ppm 噬菌体/kg + STC，关于沙门氏菌脱落、身体器官炎症反应以及空肠、肝脏和大腿中 toll 样受体 (TLR)、促炎细胞因子和热休克蛋白 (HSP) 的表达STC 蛋鸡的肌肉。RT-PCR 方法用于计算器官中的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。STC 组中的鸟类表现出沙门氏菌种群的增加。在排泄物中 ( p  < .01)。在 STC 组中，BP5 和 BP10 蛋鸡 的沙门氏菌种群数量较少 ( p < .01) 。在 STC 后第 7 天的排泄物中。补充噬菌体可显着降低 ( p  < .01)鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在脾脏、输卵管、盲肠和排泄物中的定植。在 STC 处理中，BP10 蛋鸡表现出较低的（p < .01) 与 PC 治疗相比，空肠中干扰素-γ (IFNγ) 和 TLR-4 的 mRNA 表达。在 STC 后， 与 PC 治疗相比，膳食补充剂 BP5 或 BP10 降低（p < .01）肝脏中 IFNγ、HSP-27 和肿瘤坏死因子-α 的 mRNA 表达。这些结果表明，噬菌体可用作减少蛋鸡中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌污染的有效试剂，并可能降低鼠伤寒沙门氏菌向食物的转移。