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A Late Pleistocene human humerus from Rusinga Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya.
Journal of Human Evolution ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102855
Osbjorn M Pearson 1 , Ethan C Hill 1 , Daniel J Peppe 2 , Alex Van Plantinga 2 , Nick Blegen 3 , J Tyler Faith 4 , Christian A Tryon 5
Affiliation  

In 2010, a hominin right humerus fragment (KNM-RU 58330) was surface collected in a small gully at Nyamita North in the Late Pleistocene Wasiriya Beds of Rusinga Island, Kenya. A combination of stratigraphic and geochronological evidence suggests the specimen is likely between ∼49 and 36 ka in age. The associated fauna is diverse and dominated by semiarid grassland taxa. The small sample of associated Middle Stone Age artifacts includes Levallois flakes, cores, and retouched points. The 139 mm humeral fragment preserves the shaft from distal to the lesser tubercle to 14 mm below the distal end of the weakly projecting deltoid tuberosity. Key morphological features include a narrow and weakly marked pectoralis major insertion and a distinctive medial bend in the diaphysis at the deltoid insertion. This bend is unusual among recent human humeri but occurs in a few Late Pleistocene humeri. The dimensions of the distal end of the fragment predict a length of 317.9 ± 16.4 mm based on recent samples of African ancestry. A novel method of predicting humeral length from the distance between the middle of the pectoralis major and the bottom of the deltoid insertion predicts a length of 317.3 mm ± 17.6 mm. Cross-sectional geometry at the midshaft shows a relatively high percentage of cortical bone and a moderate degree of flattening of the shaft. The Nyamita humerus is anatomically modern in its morphology and adds to the small sample of hominins from the Late Pleistocene associated with Middle Stone Age artifacts known from East Africa. It may sample a population closely related to the people of the out-of-Africa migration.



中文翻译:

来自肯尼亚维多利亚湖Rusinga岛的晚更新世人类肱骨。

2010年,在肯尼亚Rusinga岛晚更新世Wasiriya床的Nyamita North的一个小沟中收集了一个人的右肱骨片段(KNM-RU 58330)。地层学和年代学证据的组合表明,该标本的年龄可能在约49至36 ka之间。相关的动物种类繁多,以半干旱草原类群为主。相关的中石器时代文物的小样本包括Levallois薄片,岩心和修饰点。139毫米的肱骨片段将杆身从远端到小结节的位置保留到弱突出的三角肌结节远端的下方14毫米处。关键的形态学特征包括胸大肌狭窄且标记较弱,以及在三角肌插入处的骨干中有明显的内侧弯曲。这种弯曲在最近的人类肱骨中不常见,但发生在一些晚更新世的肱骨中。根据非洲血统的最新样本,碎片远端的尺寸预计为317.9±16.4 mm。根据胸大肌中部和三角肌插入底部之间的距离预测肱骨长度的新方法可预测长度为317.3 mm±17.6 mm。中轴的横截面几何形状显示出相对较高的皮质骨百分比和适度的轴展平度。Nyamita肱骨的形态在解剖学上是现代的,并增加了少量晚更新世的人源蛋白,这些人源与东非已知的中石器时代的文物有关。它可以对与非洲外迁徙人口密切相关的人口进行抽样。

更新日期:2020-08-09
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