The geo-ecosystems of the lakes play an important role in their wider geographical areas, such as energy and biological resources, as well as water sources for agriculture, industry, and drinking water. The main goal of the present paper is to develop a new approach to the effective monitoring of lakes water quality. Three new optical decision-making systems (ODMS) are being set up first as components of this new monitoring system. The first ODMS is based on an 8-channel universal spectrophotometer. The second involves a 35-channel spectrophotometer to diagnose water sampling and the third includes a 128-channel spectroellipsometer. All versions of ODMS include special software that incorporates algorithms and models to solve optical inverse tasks and decision making about the quality of lakes water. ODMS provides a spectral image of the water quality of the lakes in wavelengths ranging between 350 and 910 nm depending on the optical device. The recognition of spectral images generated by ODMS allows the detection of adverse changes in water quality and the decision-making on the choice of strategy to deal with this change. In particular, a case study of Lake Sevan in Armenia is being conducted for the ODMS demonstration, and the results of the lakes water diagnosis are being discussed. The ODMS estimate for water quality error does not exceed 18%, while the forecast for water quality for 1 month includes an error not exceeding 10% and 20% for 1 year.

中文翻译：

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用光学和建模工具监测湖泊水质的新方法：以塞万湖为例

湖泊的生态系统在其更广阔的地理区域中发挥着重要作用，例如能源和生物资源，以及农业，工业和饮用水的来源。本文的主要目的是开发一种有效监测湖泊水质的新方法。首先将建立三个新的光学决策系统（ODMS）作为该新监视系统的组件。第一个ODMS基于8通道通用分光光度计。第二个包括一个用于诊断水样的35通道分光光度计，第三个包括一个128通道的分光光度计。ODMS的所有版本均包含特殊的软件，该软件结合了算法和模型来解决光学逆任务和有关湖泊水质的决策。ODMS根据光学设备提供在350至910 nm之间的波长范围内的湖泊水质的光谱图像。ODMS生成的光谱图像的识别可以检测水质的不利变化，并可以决定应对策略。尤其是，正在进行亚美尼亚塞凡湖的案例研究，以进行ODMS示范，并正在讨论湖泊水诊断的结果。ODMS估计的水质误差不超过18％，而1个月的水质预测包括1年内误差不超过10％和20％。ODMS生成的光谱图像的识别可以检测水质的不利变化，并可以决定应对策略。尤其是，正在进行亚美尼亚塞凡湖的案例研究，以进行ODMS示范，并正在讨论湖泊水诊断的结果。ODMS估计的水质误差不超过18％，而1个月的水质预测包括1年内误差不超过10％和20％。ODMS生成的光谱图像的识别可以检测水质的不利变化，并可以决定应对策略。尤其是，正在进行亚美尼亚塞凡湖的案例研究，以进行ODMS示范，并正在讨论湖泊水诊断的结果。ODMS估计的水质误差不超过18％，而1个月的水质预测包括1年内误差不超过10％和20％。