The three lowest-lying Υ states, i.e., Υ(1S), Υ(2S), and Υ(3S), composed of b\(\overline b \) pairs and below the B\(\overline B \) threshold, provide a ood platform for the researches of hadronic physics and physics beyond the Standard Model. They can be produced directly in e⁺e⁻ colliding experiments, such as CLEO, Babar, and Belle, with low continuum backgrounds. In these experiments, many measurements of the exclusive Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays into light hadrons, which shed light on the “80% rule” for the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka suppressed decays in the bottomonium sector, were carried out. Meanwhile, many studies of the charmonium and bottomonium productions in Υ(1S, 2S, 3S) decays were performed, to distinguish different Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) models. Besides, exotic states and new physics were also extensively explored in Υ(1S, 2S, 3S) decays at CLEO, BaBar, and Belle. The Υ(1S, 2S, 3S) states can also be produced in pp collisions and in collisions involving heavy ions. The precision measurements of their cross sections and polarizations at the large hadron collider (LHC), especially in the CMS, ATLAS, and LHCb experiments, help to understand Υ production mechanisms in pp collisions. The observation of the sequential Υ suppression in heavy ion collisions at CMS, LHCb, and ALICE is of great importance for verifying the quark—gluon plasma predicted by QCD. In this article, we review the experimental results on Υ(1S, 2S, 3S) at e⁺e⁻ colliders and the LHC, and summarize their prospects at Belle II and the LHC.

中文翻译：

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在e + e-对撞机和大型强子对撞机上的Υ（1 S，2 S，3 S）物理学实验综述

三个最低的Υ状态，即Υ（1 S），Υ（2 S）和Υ（3 S），由b \（\ overline b \）对组成，并且位于B \（\ overline B \ ）阈值，为强子物理和标准模型以外的物理研究提供了一个平台。它们可以直接在生产ë ⁺ ë ^-碰撞实验，如CLEO，巴巴尔，和贝尔，具有低的连续的背景。在这些实验中，对measurements（1 S）和Υ（2 S）衰变成轻的强子，这为大久保-茨威格-伊伊尤卡抑制了bottom区域的衰变提供了“ 80％规则”。同时，对Υ（1 S，2 S，3 S）衰变中的charm和charm的产生进行了许多研究，以区分不同的量子色动力学（QCD）模型。此外，在CLEO，BaBar和Belle的Υ（1 S，2 S，3 S）衰变中，还广泛探索了奇异状态和新物理学。Υ（1 S，2 S，3 S）状态也可以pp表示碰撞以及涉及重离子的碰撞。在大型强子对撞机（LHC）上，特别是在CMS，ATLAS和LHCb实验中，对它们的横截面和极化的精确测量有助于了解pp碰撞中的产生机理。在CMS，LHCb和ALICE的重离子碰撞中连续Υ抑制的观察对于验证QCD预测的夸克-胶子等离子体非常重要。在这篇文章中，我们回顾Υ的实验结果（1小号，2小号，3小号在）ë ⁺ ë ^-对撞机和LHC，并在总结百丽II和LHC他们的前景。