Nearly all illuminating classic hypersonic flow theories address aerodynamic phenomena as a perfect gas in the high-speed range and at the upper limit of continuum gas domain. The hypersonic flow is quantitatively defined by the Mach number independent principle, which is derived from the asymptotes of the Rankine-Hugoniot relationship. However, most hypersonic flows encounter strong shock-wave compressions resulting in a high enthalpy gas environment that always associates with nonequilibrium thermodynamic and quantum chemical-physics phenomena. Under this circumstance, the theoretic linkage between the microscopic particle dynamics and macroscopic thermodynamics properties of gas is lost. When the air mixture is ionized to become an electrically conducting medium, the governing physics now ventures into the regimes of quantum physics and electromagnetics. Therefore, the hypersonic flows are no longer a pure aerodynamics subject but a multidisciplinary science. In order to better understand the realistic hypersonic flows, all pertaining disciplines such as the nonequilibrium chemical kinetics, quantum physics, radiative heat transfer, and electromagnetics need to bring forth.

中文翻译：

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高焓超音速流

几乎所有具有启发性的经典高超音速流动理论都将空气动力学现象作为一种理想气体在高速范围和连续气体域的上限中加以解决。高超声速流动由马赫数无关原理定量定义，该原理源自兰金-休格尼奥特关系的渐近线。但是，大多数高超音速流会遇到强烈的冲击波压缩，从而导致高焓气体环境，该环境总是与非平衡热力学和量子化学物理现象相关。在这种情况下，气体的微观粒子动力学和宏观热力学特性之间的理论联系就消失了。当空气混合物被离子化成为导电介质时，现在，控制物理学进入了量子物理学和电磁学领域。因此，高超音速流动不再是纯粹的空气动力学学科，而是一门多学科的科学。为了更好地理解现实的超音速流，需要提出所有相关学科，例如非平衡化学动力学，量子物理学，辐射传热和电磁学。