From early life, children are exposed to a multitude of environmental exposures, which may be of crucial importance for healthy development. Here, the environmental microbiota may be of particular interest as it represents the interface between environmental factors and the child. As infants in modern societies spend a considerable amount of time indoors, we hypothesize that the indoor bed dust microbiota might be an important factor for the child and for the early colonization of the airway microbiome. To explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the influence of environmental exposures on 577 dust samples from the beds of infants together with 542 airway samples from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 cohort. Both bacterial and fungal community was profiled from the bed dust. Bacterial and fungal diversity in the bed dust was positively correlated with each other. Bacterial bed dust microbiota was influenced by multiple environmental factors, such as type of home (house or apartment), living environment (rural or urban), sex of siblings, and presence of pets (cat and/or dog), whereas fungal bed dust microbiota was majorly influenced by the type of home (house or apartment) and sampling season. We further observed minor correlation between bed dust and airway microbiota compositions among infants. We also analyzed the transfer of microbiota from bed dust to the airway, but we did not find evidence of transfer of individual taxa. Current study explores the influence of environmental factors on bed dust microbiota (both bacterial and fungal) and its correlation with airway microbiota (bacterial) in early life using high-throughput sequencing. Our findings demonstrate that bed dust microbiota is influenced by multiple environmental exposures and could represent an interface between environment and child.

中文翻译：

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婴儿床粉尘中细菌和真菌群落的环境形态及其与气道微生物群的关系。

从孩提时代起，儿童就受到多种环境的影响，这对于健康发展至关重要。在这里，环境微生物群可能特别令人关注，因为它代表了环境因素与儿童之间的界面。由于现代社会中的婴儿在室内花费大量时间，因此我们推测室内床尘微生物群可能是儿童和气道微生物组早期定植的重要因素。为了探究这一假设，我们分析了环境暴露对婴儿床上577个灰尘样品以及哥本哈根2010年儿童哮喘研究的前瞻性研究中542个气道样品的影响。床尘中细菌和真菌群落均被剖析。床尘中细菌和真菌的多样性彼此呈正相关。细菌床尘微生物群受到多种环境因素的影响，例如房屋类型（房屋或公寓），居住环境（农村或城市），兄弟姐妹的性别以及宠物（猫和/或狗）的存在，而真菌床尘微生物群主要受房屋类型（房屋或公寓）和采样季节的影响。我们进一步观察到婴儿床尘与气道微生物群组成之间的相关性较小。我们还分析了微生物群从床尘到气道的转移，但是我们没有发现个体分类群转移的证据。当前的研究使用高通量测序技术，探讨了环境因素对生命早期床尘微生物（细菌和真菌）的影响及其与气道微生物（细菌）的相关性。我们的发现表明，床尘微生物群受多种环境暴露的影响，可能代表环境与儿童之间的界面。