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On Addressing the Impact of ISO Speed Upon PRNU and Forgery Detection
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 , DOI: 10.1109/tifs.2020.3009583
Yijun Quan , Chang-Tsun Li

Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) has been used as a powerful device fingerprint for image forgery detection because image forgeries can be revealed by finding the absence of the PRNU in the manipulated areas. The correlation between an image’s noise residual with the device’s reference PRNU is often compared with a decision threshold to check the existence of the PRNU. A PRNU correlation predictor is usually used to determine this decision threshold assuming the correlation is content-dependent. However, we found that not only the correlation is content-dependent, but it also depends on the camera sensitivity setting. Camera sensitivity , commonly known by the name of ISO speed , is an important attribute in digital photography. In this work, we will show the PRNU correlation’s dependency on ISO speed. Due to such dependency, we postulate that a correlation predictor is ISO speed-specific, i.e. reliable correlation predictions can only be made when a correlation predictor is trained with images of similar ISO speeds to the image in question . We report the experiments we conducted to validate the postulate. It is realized that in the real-world, information about the ISO speed may not be available in the metadata to facilitate the implementation of our postulate in the correlation prediction process. We hence propose a method called Content-based Inference of ISO Speeds (CINFISOS) to infer the ISO speed from the image content.

中文翻译:

解决ISO速度对PRNU和伪造检测的影响

光响应非均匀性(PRNU)已被用作功能强大的设备指纹,用于图像伪造检测,因为可以通过发现操作区域中不存在PRNU来揭示图像伪造。通常将图像的噪声残留与设备的参考PRNU之间的相关性与决策阈值进行比较,以检查PRNU的存在。假定相关性与内容有关,则通常使用PRNU相关性预测因子来确定此决策阈值。但是,我们发现,不仅相关性取决于内容,而且还取决于相机的感光度设置。相机感光度 ,俗称 ISO感光度 ,是数码摄影的重要属性。在这项工作中,我们将显示PRNU相关性对ISO速度的依赖性。由于这种依赖性,我们假设相关性预测变量是ISO速度特定的,即仅当使用与所讨论图像具有相似ISO感光度的图像训练相关预测器时,才能进行可靠的相关预测。 。我们报告为验证该假设而进行的实验。已经认识到,在现实世界中,有关ISO速度的信息可能在元数据中不可用,以促进我们在相关性预测过程中执行假设。因此,我们提出一种称为基于内容的ISO速度推断(CINFISOS)的方法,以从图像内容中推断出ISO速度。
更新日期:2020-08-08
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